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Oracle® Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
11g Release 1 (11.1)
Part Number B28254-04
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What's New in Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment?
Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1) New Features in Oracle Real Application Clusters
1
Introduction to Oracle Real Application Clusters
Overview of Oracle Real Application Clusters
Overview of Oracle Clusterware for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Overview of Oracle Real Application Clusters Architecture and Processing
Understanding Cluster-Aware Storage Solutions
Overview of Connecting to the Oracle Database Using Services and VIP Addresses
About Oracle Real Application Clusters Software Components
About Oracle Real Application Clusters Background Processes
Overview of Automatic Workload Management
Overview of Installing Oracle Real Application Clusters
Understanding Compatibility in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
Overview of Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation and Database Creation
Overview of Extending Oracle ASM and Oracle Real Application Clusters Software
Overview of Managing Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
About Designing and Deploying Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
About Administrative Tools for Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
About Monitoring Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
About Evaluating Performance in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
2
Administering Storage
Overview of Storage in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Oracle Flexible Architecture
Datafile Access in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Redo Log File Storage in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Automatic Undo Management in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Automatic Storage Management in Oracle Real Application Clusters
ASM Storage Management in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Modifying Disk Group Configurations for ASM in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Standalone ASM Disk Group Management
Performing Automatic Storage Management Rolling Upgrades
Configuring Preferred Mirror Read Disks in Extended Distance Clusters
Converting Single-Instance ASM to Clustered ASM
Extending ASM to Nodes Running Single-Instance or Oracle RAC Databases
Administering ASM Instances and Disk Groups with Enterprise Manager in Oracle RAC
Administering ASM Instances with SRVCTL in Oracle Real Application Clusters
3
Administering Database Instances and Cluster Databases
Tools for Administering Oracle Real Application Clusters
Administering Oracle Real Application Clusters with Enterprise Manager
Administering Oracle Real Application Clusters with SQL*Plus
Changing the SQL*Plus Prompt
How SQL*Plus Commands Affect Instances
Administering Oracle Real Application Clusters with SRVCTL
Starting and Stopping Instances and Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Starting and Stopping with Enterprise Manager
Starting Up and Shutting Down with SQL*Plus
Starting Up and Shutting Down with SRVCTL
Verifying That Instances are Running
Terminating Sessions On a Specific Cluster Instance
Overview of Initialization Parameter Files in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Setting SPFILE Parameter Values for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Parameter File Search Order in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Backing Up the Server Parameter File
Initialization Parameter Use in Real Application Clusters
Parameters That Must Have Identical Settings on All Instances
Parameters That Have Unique Settings on All Instances
Parameters That Should Have Identical Settings on All Instances
Quiescing Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Administering Multiple Cluster Interconnects on Linux and UNIX Platforms
Recommendations for Setting the CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS Parameter
Usage Examples for the CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS Parameter
Customizing How Oracle Clusterware Manages Oracle RAC Databases
Advanced Oracle Enterprise Manager Administration
Using Enterprise Manager Grid Control to Discover Nodes and Instances
Administering Jobs and Alerts in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Administering Jobs in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Administering Alerts in Oracle Real Application Clusters with Enterprise Manager
Performing Scheduled Maintenance Using Defined Blackouts in Enterprise Manager
4
Introduction to Automatic Workload Management
Overview of Automatic Workload Management
Automatic Workload Repository
Service Deployment Options
Using Oracle Services
Default Service Connections
Connection Load Balancing
Fast Application Notification
Overview of Fast Application Notification
Application High Availability with Services and FAN
Managing Unplanned Outages
Managing Planned Outages
Fast Application Notification High Availability Events
Using Fast Application Notification Callouts
Load Balancing Advisory
Overview of the Load Balancing Advisory
Configuring Your Environment to Use the Load Balancing Advisory
Load Balancing Advisory FAN Events
Oracle Clients That Are Integrated with Fast Application Notification
Enabling JDBC Clients for Fast Connection Failover
Using FAN with Thick JDBC and Thin JDBC Clients
Enabling Oracle Call Interface Clients for Fast Connection Failover
Enabling Oracle Call Interface Clients for Runtime Connection Load Balancing
Enabling ODP.NET Clients to Receive FAN High Availability Events
Enabling ODP.NET Clients to Receive FAN Load Balancing Advisory Events
Enabling Event Notification for Connection Failures in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Services and Distributed Transaction Processing in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Enabling Distributed Transaction Processing for Services
Administering Services
Administering Services with Enterprise Manager, PL/SQL, and SRVCTL
Administering Services with Enterprise Manager
Service-Related Tasks That You Can Perform with Enterprise Manager
Cluster Managed Database Services Page
Cluster Managed Database Services Detail Page
Create Services Page
Accessing the Enterprise Manager Services Pages
Administering Services with the PL/SQL DBMS_SERVICE Package
Administering Services with SRVCTL
Creating Services with SRVCTL
Starting and Stopping Services with SRVCTL
Enabling and Disabling Services with SRVCTL
Relocating Services with SRVCTL
Obtaining the Statuses of Services with SRVCTL
Obtaining the Configuration of Services with SRVCTL
Measuring Performance by Service Using the Automatic Workload Repository
Service Thresholds and Alerts
Example of Services and Thresholds Alerts
Enable Service, Module, and Action Monitoring
5
Configuring Recovery Manager and Archiving
Overview of Configuring RMAN for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Configuring the RMAN Snapshot Control File Location
Configuring RMAN to Automatically Backup the Control File and SPFILE
Crosschecking on Multiple Oracle Real Application Clusters Nodes
Configuring Channels for RMAN in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Configuring Channels to Use Automatic Load Balancing
Configuring Channels to Use a Specific Channel
Managing Archived Redo Logs Using RMAN in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Archived Redo Log File Conventions in Oracle Real Application Clusters
RMAN Archiving Configuration Scenarios
Automatic Storage Management and Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Advantages of the Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Initialization Parameter Settings for the Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Location of Archived Logs for the Cluster File System Archiving Scheme
Noncluster File System Local Archiving Scheme
Considerations for Using Noncluster File System Local Archiving
Initialization Parameter Settings for Noncluster File System Local Archiving
Location of Archived Logs for Noncluster File System Local Archiving
File System Configuration for Noncluster File System Local Archiving
Changing the Archiving Mode in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Monitoring the Archiver Processes
6
Managing Backup and Recovery
RMAN Backup Scenario for Noncluster File System Backups
RMAN Restore Scenarios for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Cluster File System Restore Scheme
Noncluster File System Restore Scheme
Using RMAN or Enterprise Manager to Restore the Server Parameter File (SPFILE)
Instance Recovery in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Single Node Failure in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Multiple-Node Failures in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Using RMAN to Create Backups in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Channel Connections to Cluster Instances
Node Affinity Awareness of Fast Connections
Deleting Archived Redo Logs after a Successful Backup
Autolocation for Backup and Restore Commands
Media Recovery in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Parallel Recovery in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Parallel Recovery with RMAN
Disabling Parallel Recovery
Disabling Instance and Crash Recovery Parallelism
Disabling Media Recovery Parallelism
Using a Flash Recovery Area in Oracle Real Application Clusters
7
Using Cloning to Add ASM and Oracle RAC to Nodes in a New Cluster
Introduction to Cloning Oracle ASM and Oracle RAC
Preparing to Clone ASM and Oracle RAC
Cloning ASM and Oracle RAC to Nodes in a New Cluster
Deploying ASM Instance Homes
Deploying Oracle RAC Database Homes
Locating and Viewing Log Files Generated During Cloning
8
Using Cloning to Extend Oracle RAC to Nodes in the Same Cluster
Adding Nodes Using Cloning in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
Using Cloning to Add Nodes to Oracle RAC Environments on Windows Systems
9
Adding and Deleting Oracle RAC from Nodes on Linux and UNIX Systems
Adding Oracle RAC to Nodes Running Clusterware and Oracle Database
Adding Oracle RAC to Nodes That Do Not Have Clusterware and Oracle Database
Prerequisite Steps for Extending Oracle RAC to Target Nodes
Extend Oracle Clusterware to Target Nodes
Configure Shared Storage on Target Nodes
Add the Oracle Real Application Clusters Database Homes to Target Nodes
Extending the Database Home to Target Nodes Using OUI in Interactive Mode
Extending the Database Home to Target Nodes Using OUI in Silent Mode
Add ASM and Oracle RAC Database Instances to Target Nodes
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Add ASM and Database Instances to Target Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Add ASM and Database Instances to Target Nodes
Deleting Cluster Nodes from Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
Step 1: Delete Instances from Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Delete Instances from Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Delete Instances from Nodes
Step 2: Delete Nodes from the Cluster
10
Adding and Deleting Nodes and Instances on Windows Systems
Cloning Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC Software in Grid Environments
Quick-Start Node and Database Instance Addition and Deletion Procedures
Adding an Oracle Clusterware Home to a New Node
Adding an Oracle Clusterware Home to a New Node Using OUI in Interactive Mode
Adding an Oracle Clusterware Home to a New Node Using OUI in Silent Mode
Adding an Oracle Home with Oracle Real Application Clusters to a New Node
Adding an Oracle Home with Oracle RAC to a New Node Using OUI in Interactive Mode
Adding an Oracle Home with Oracle RAC to a New Node Using OUI in Silent Mode
Deleting an Oracle Home with Oracle Real Application Clusters from an Existing Node
Deleting an Oracle Home with Oracle RAC Using OUI in Interactive Mode
Deleting an Oracle Home with Oracle RAC Using OUI in Silent Mode
Deleting an Oracle Clusterware Home from an Existing Node
Deleting an Oracle Clusterware Home Using OUI in Interactive Mode
Deleting an Oracle Clusterware Home Using OUI in Silent Mode
Detailed Node and Database Instance Addition and Deletion Procedures
Overview of Node Addition Procedures
Step 1: Connecting New Nodes to the Cluster
Making Physical Connections
Installing the Operating System
Verifying the Installation with the Cluster Verification Utility
Checking the Installation
Step 2: Extending Oracle Software to New Nodes at the Oracle Clusterware Layer
Step 3: Preparing Storage on New Nodes
Raw Device Storage Preparation for New Nodes
Step 4: Adding Nodes at the Oracle Real Application Clusters Database Layer
Step 5: Adding Database Instances to New Nodes
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Add Database Instances to New Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Add Database Instances to New Nodes
Connecting to
i
SQL*Plus After Adding a Node
Adding Nodes That Already Have Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Database Software
Overview of Node Deletion Procedures
Step 1: Deleting Instances from Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Using DBCA in Interactive Mode to Delete Database Instances from Existing Nodes
Using DBCA in Silent Mode to Delete Instance from Existing Nodes
Step 2: Deleting Nodes from Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Step 3: ASM Instance Clean-Up Procedures for Node Deletion
11
Design and Deployment Techniques
Deploying Oracle Real Application Clusters for High Availability
Best Practices for Deploying Oracle RAC in a High Availability Environment
Consolidating Multiple Applications in a Database or Multiple Databases in a Cluster
Scalability of Oracle Real Application Clusters
General Design Considerations for Oracle Real Application Clusters
General Database Deployment Topics for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Tablespace Use in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Object Creation and Performance in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Node Addition and Deletion and the SYSAUX Tablespace in Oracle RAC
Distributed Transactions and Oracle Real Application Clusters
Deploying OLTP Applications in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Flexible Implementation with Cache Fusion
Deploying Data Warehouse Applications with Oracle Real Application Clusters
Speed-Up for Data Warehouse Applications on Oracle Real Application Clusters
Parallel Execution in Data Warehouse Systems and Oracle Real Application Clusters
Data Security Considerations in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Transparent Data Encryption and Wallets
Windows Firewall Considerations
12
Monitoring Performance
Overview of Monitoring and Tuning Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Monitoring Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle Clusterware
The Cluster Database Home Page
The Interconnects Page
The Cluster Performance Page
Tuning Oracle Real Application Clusters Databases
Verifying the Interconnect Settings for Oracle Real Application Clusters
Influencing Interconnect Processing
Performance Views in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Creating Oracle Real Application Clusters Data Dictionary Views with CATCLUST.SQL
Oracle Real Application Clusters Performance Statistics
Automatic Workload Repository in Oracle Real Application Clusters Environments
Active Session History Reports for Oracle RAC
Overview of ASH Reports for Oracle RAC
ASH Report for Oracle RAC: Top Cluster Events
ASH Report for Oracle RAC: Top Remote Instance
Monitoring Oracle Real Application Clusters Statistics and Wait Events
Oracle Real Application Clusters Statistics and Events in AWR and Statspack Reports
Oracle Real Application Clusters Wait Events
Monitoring Performance by Analyzing GCS and GES Statistics
Analyzing the Effect of Cache Fusion in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Analyzing Performance Using GCS and GES Statistics
Analyzing Cache Fusion Transfer Impact Using GCS Statistics
Analyzing Response Times Based on Wait Events
A
Server Control Utility Reference
Overview of SRVCTL for Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle Clusterware
Guidelines for Using SRVCTL in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Obtaining Command-Line Help for SRVCTL
SRVCTL Command Syntax and Options
SRVCTL Cluster Database Configuration Tasks
SRVCTL General Cluster Database Administration Tasks
SRVCTL Node-Level Tasks
SRVCTL Command Reference
SRVCTL Commands
SRVCTL Commands Summary
SRVCTL Objects Summary
srvctl add
srvctl add database
srvctl add instance
srvctl add service
srvctl add nodeapps
srvctl add asm
srvctl add listener
srvctl config
srvctl config database
srvctl config service
srvctl config nodeapps
srvctl config asm
srvctl config listener
srvctl enable
srvctl enable database
srvctl enable instance
srvctl enable service
srvctl enable asm
srvctl disable
srvctl disable database
srvctl disable instance
srvctl disable service
srvctl disable asm
srvctl start
srvctl start database
srvctl start instance
srvctl start service
srvctl start nodeapps
srvctl start asm
srvctl start listener
srvctl stop
srvctl stop database
srvctl stop instance
srvctl stop service
srvctl stop nodeapps
srvctl stop asm
srvctl stop listener
srvctl modify
srvctl modify database
srvctl modify instance
srvctl modify service
srvctl modify nodeapps
srvctl modify listener
srvctl relocate
srvctl relocate service
srvctl status
srvctl status database
srvctl status instance
srvctl status service
srvctl status nodeapps
srvctl status asm
srvctl getenv
srvctl getenv database
srvctl getenv instance
srvctl getenv service
srvctl getenv nodeapps
srvctl setenv and unsetenv
srvctl setenv database
srvctl setenv instance
srvctl setenv service
srvctl setenv nodeapps
srvctl unsetenv database
srvctl unsetenv instance
srvctl unsetenv service
srvctl unsetenv nodeapps
srvctl remove
srvctl remove database
srvctl remove instance
srvctl remove service
srvctl remove nodeapps
srvctl remove asm
srvctl remove listener
B
Troubleshooting Oracle Real Application Clusters
Where to Find Files for Analyzing Errors
Managing Diagnostic Data in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Using Instance-Specific Alert Files in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Enabling Tracing for Java-Based Tools and Utilities in Oracle Real Application Clusters
Resolving Pending Shutdown Issues
How to Determine If Oracle RAC Instances Are Using the Private Network
C
Oracle Real Application Clusters Tools Messages
Overview of Messages Specific to Oracle Real Application Clusters
Prefixes and Message Codes for Oracle Real Application Clusters Messages
Types of Oracle Real Application Clusters Messages and Related Files
PRKA—Cluster Node Applications Messages
PRKC—Cluster Command Messages
PRKD—Global Services Daemon Messages
PRKE—Global Services Daemon Controller Utility Messages
PRKH—Server Manager (SRVM) Messages
PRKI—Cluster Pre-Install Messages
PRKN—Server Manager (SRVM) System Library Messages
PRKO—Server Control (SRVCTL) Utility Messages
PRKP—Cluster Database Management Messages
PRKR—Cluster Registry Messages
PRKS—Automatic Storage Management Messages
PRKU—Command-Line Parser Utility Messages
PRKV—Virtual IP Configuration Assistant Messages
Glossary
Index