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Oracle® Database Advanced Replication
11g Release 1 (11.1)
Part Number B28326-02
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Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documents
Conventions
1
Introduction to Advanced Replication
Overview of Replication
Applications that Use Replication
Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites
Replication Objects
Replication Groups
Replication Sites
Types of Replication Environments
Multimaster Replication
Master Group Quiesce
Materialized View Replication
Overview of Read-Only Materialized Views
Overview of Updatable Materialized Views
Overview of Writeable Materialized Views
Overview of Row and Column Subsetting with Materialized Views
Materialized View Refresh
Refresh Groups
Materialized View Log
Deployment Templates
Multimaster and Materialized View Hybrid Configurations
Scheduled Links
Administration Tools for a Replication Environment
Advanced Replication Interface in Oracle Enterprise Manager
Replication Management API
Replication Catalog
Distributed Schema Management
Replication Conflicts
Other Options for Multimaster Replication
Synchronous Replication
Procedural Replication
Conflict Detection and Procedural Replication
2
Master Replication Concepts and Architecture
Master Replication Concepts
What is Master Replication?
Multimaster Replication
Single Master Replication
Master Sites
Why Use Multimaster Replication?
Failover
Load Balancing
Support for Disconnected Materialized View Environments
Oracle Real Application Clusters Compared with Replication
Multimaster Replication Process
Asynchronous Replication
Synchronous Replication
Conflict Resolution Concepts
How Replication Works with Object Types and Collections
Type Agreement at Replication Sites
Object Tables and Replication
Tables with Collection Columns
Tables with REF Columns
Master Replication Architecture
Master Site Mechanisms
Master Site Roles/Users
Database Links and Replication
Replication Objects
Alternatives to Replicating Sequences
Internal Triggers
Deferred Transactions
Internal Procedure
Queues
Administrative Mechanisms
Replication Modes of Operation
Replication Mode Control
Administrative Requests
Administrative Request Queue
Organizational Mechanisms
Master Group
Column Groups
Propagation Mechanism
Propagation Types
Synchronous Data Propagation
Understanding Mixed-Mode Multimaster Systems
Initiating Propagation
Performance Mechanisms
Parallel Propagation
Minimum Communication
Delay Seconds
Replication Protection Mechanisms
Data Propagation Dependency Maintenance
Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
Row Identification During Conflict Detection
Resolution of Data Conflicts
3
Materialized View Concepts and Architecture
Materialized View Concepts
What is a Materialized View?
Why Use Materialized Views?
Ease Network Loads
Create a Mass Deployment Environment
Enable Data Subsetting
Enable Disconnected Computing
Read-Only, Updatable, and Writeable Materialized Views
Read-Only Materialized Views
Updatable Materialized Views
Writeable Materialized Views
Available Materialized Views
Primary Key Materialized Views
Object Materialized Views
ROWID Materialized Views
Complex Materialized Views
Required Privileges for Materialized View Operations
Creator Is Owner
Creator Is Not Owner
Refresher Is Owner
Refresher Is Not Owner
Data Subsetting with Materialized Views
Materialized Views with Subqueries
Restrictions for Materialized Views with Subqueries
Restrictions for Materialized Views with Unions Containing Subqueries
Determining the Fast Refresh Capabilities of a Materialized View
Multitier Materialized Views
Scenario for Using Multitier Materialized Views
Restrictions for Using Multitier Materialized Views
How Materialized Views Work with Object Types and Collections
Type Agreement at Replication Sites
Column Subsetting of Masters with Column Objects
Materialized Views Based on Object Tables
Materialized Views with Collection Columns
Materialized Views with REF Columns
Materialized View Registration at a Master Site or Master Materialized View Site
Viewing Information about Registered Materialized Views
Internal Mechanisms
Manual Materialized View Registration
Materialized View Architecture
Master Site and Master Materialized View Site Mechanisms
Master Table or Master Materialized View
Internal Trigger for the Materialized View Log
Materialized View Log
Materialized View Site Mechanisms
Index
Updatable Materialized View Log
Internal Trigger for the Updatable Materialized View Log
Organizational Mechanisms
Materialized View Groups
Refresh Groups
Refresh Group Size
Refresh Process
Refresh Types
Initiating a Refresh
Constraints and Refresh
4
Deployment Templates Concepts and Architecture
Mass Deployment Challenge
Deployment Templates and the Mass Deployment Goal
Oracle Deployment Templates Concepts
Deployment Template Elements
General Template Information
Template Object Definitions
Template Parameters
Template Parameters in the WHERE Clause and Security
User Authorization
Deployment Sites
Deployment Template Packaging and Instantiation
Online Instantiation
Offline Instantiation
Scenarios for Instantiating a Deployment Template
Deployment Template Architecture
Template Definitions Stored in System Tables
Use of Standard DDL
Packaging and Instantiation Process
Packaging a Deployment Template for Online Instantiation
Packaging a Deployment Template for Offline Instantiation
Online Instantiation
Offline Instantiation
Packaging and Instantiation Options
After Instantiation
Materialized View Groups
Refresh Groups
Deployment Template Design
Column Subsetting with Deployment Templates
Row Subsetting
Row Subsetting with an Assignment Table
Data Sets
Additional Design Considerations
Local Control of Materialized View Creation
Local Materialized View Control
5
Conflict Resolution Concepts and Architecture
Conflict Resolution Concepts
Understanding Your Data and Application Requirements
Examples of Conflict Detection and Resolution
Types of Replication Conflicts
Update Conflicts
Uniqueness Conflicts
Delete Conflicts
Data Conflicts and Transaction Ordering
Conflict Detection
How Oracle Detects Different Types of Conflicts
Identifying Rows During Conflict Detection
Conflict Resolution
Multitier Materialized Views and Conflict Resolution
Column Subsetting of Updatable Materialized Views and Conflict Resolution
Nested Tables and Conflict Resolution
Techniques for Avoiding Conflicts
Use Column Groups
Use Primary Site and Dynamic Site Ownership Data Models
Avoiding Specific Types of Conflicts
Conflict Resolution Architecture
Support Mechanisms
Column Groups
Error Queue
Common Update Conflict Resolution Methods
Latest Timestamp
Overwrite
Additional Update Conflicts Resolution Methods
Additive
Average
Discard
Earliest Timestamp
Maximum
Minimum
Priority Groups
Site Priority
Uniqueness Conflicts Resolution Methods
Append Site Name
Append Sequence
Discard
Delete Conflict Resolution Methods
Send and Compare Old Values
Send and Compare Example
Send and Compare When Using Column Objects
6
Planning Your Replication Environment
Considerations for Replicated Tables
Primary Keys and Replicated Tables
Foreign Keys and Replicated Tables
Data Type Considerations for Replicated Tables
Row-Level Dependency Tracking
Initialization Parameters
Master Sites and Materialized View Sites
Advantages of Master Sites
Advantages of Materialized View Sites
Preparing for Materialized Views
Create Materialized View Site Users
Create Master Site Users
Create Schemas at Materialized View Site
Create Database Links
Assign Privileges
Schedule Purge at Master Site
Schedule Push
Allocate Job Slaves
Creating a Materialized View Log
Logging Columns in the Materialized View Log
Creating a Materialized View Environment
Creating a Materialized View Environment Using the Replication Management Interface
Creating a Materialized View Environment Using the Replication Management API
Avoiding Problems When Adding a New Materialized View Site
Interoperability in an Advanced Replication Environment
Guidelines for Scheduled Links
Scheduling Periodic Pushes
Scheduling Continuous Pushes
Guidelines for Scheduled Purges of a Deferred Transaction Queue
Scheduling Periodic Purges
Scheduling Continuous Purges
Serial and Parallel Propagation
Deployment Templates
Preparing Materialized View Sites for Instantiation of Deployment Templates
Network Connectivity
Database Version
Materialized View Site Setup
Create Necessary Schemas
Create Database Links
Online or Offline Instantiation
Create Necessary Rollback Segments
Conflict Resolution
Security and Replication
Designing for Survivability
Oracle Real Application Clusters versus Replication
Designing a Replication Environment for Survivability
Implementing a Survivable System
Database Recovery in Replication Environments
A
Troubleshooting Replication Problems
Diagnosing Problems with Database Links
Diagnosing Problems with Master Sites
Replicated Objects Not Created at New Master Site
DDL Changes Not Propagated to Master Site
DML Changes Not Asynchronously Propagated to Other Sites
DML Cannot be Applied to Replicated Table
Bulk Updates and Constraint Violations
Re-creating a Replicated Object
Unable to Generate Replication Support for a Table
Problems with Replicated Procedures or Triggers
Diagnosing Problems with the Deferred Transaction Queue
Check Jobs for Scheduled Links
Distributed Transaction Problems with Synchronous Replication
Incomplete Database Link Specifications
Incorrect Replication Catalog Views
Diagnosing Problems with Materialized Views
Problems Creating Replicated Objects at Materialized View Site
Problems Performing Offline Instantiation of a Deployment Template
Refresh Problems
Common Refresh Problems
Automatic Refresh Retries
Fast Refresh Errors at New Materialized View Sites
Materialized Views Continually Refreshing
Materialized View Logs Growing Too Large
Advanced Troubleshooting of Refresh Problems
B
Column Length Semantics and Unicode
Column Length Semantics for Replication Sites and Table Columns
Multimaster Support for Column Length Semantics
Column Length Semantics Support for Tables Generated by Advanced Replication
Column Length Semantics Support for Precreated Tables
Materialized View Support for Column Length Semantics
Materialized Views with Prebuilt Container Tables
Column Length Semantics Support for Updatable Materialized Views
DDL Propagation and Column Length Semantics
Replication Support for Unicode
Replication of NCLOB Data Type Columns
Index