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Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documentation
• Conventions

Changes in This Release for Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide

• Changes in Oracle Net Services 12c Release 1 (12.1)

Part I Understanding Oracle Net Services

1 Introducing Oracle Net Services

• About Oracle Net Services
  • Understanding Connectivity
  • Understanding Manageability
  • Understanding Shared Server Architecture
  • Understanding Performance
  • Understanding Network Security
• Components of Oracle Net Services
  • About Oracle Net
  • About Oracle Net Listener
  • About Oracle Connection Manager
  • About Networking Tools
  • About Oracle Advanced Security

2 Identifying and Accessing the Database

• Understanding Database Instances
• Understanding Database Services
• Connecting to a Database Service
  • About Connect Descriptors
  • About the Protocol Address
  • About Service Registration
• Understanding Service Handlers
  • About Dispatchers
  • About Dedicated Server Processes
  • About Database Resident Connection Pooling
• Understanding Naming Methods
  • Choosing a Naming Method
  • Establishing a Client Session Using a Naming Method
  • Entering a Connect String
• Enhancing Service Accessibility Using Multiple Listeners
  • About Connect-time Failover
  • About Transparent Application Failover
  • About Client Load Balancing
  • About Connection Load Balancing

3 Managing Network Address Information

• Using Localized Management
• Using a Directory Server for Centralized Management
  • Understanding the Directory Information Tree
  • Understanding Oracle Context
  • Understanding Net Service Alias Entries
  • Who Can Add or Modify Entries in the Directory Server
  • Client Connections Using Directory Naming
  • Considerations When Using Directory Servers
  • Limitations of Directory Naming Support with Microsoft Active Directory

4 Understanding the Communication Layers

• Understanding Oracle Net Stack Communication for Client/Server Applications
  • About the Client Communication Stack
  • About the Server Communication Stack
• Using Oracle Net Stack Communication for Java Applications
• Using Oracle Net Stack Communication for Web Clients
• Understanding Oracle Protocol Support Layer
  • About TCP/IP Protocol
  • About TCP/IP with SSL Protocol
  • About Named Pipes Protocol
  • About Sockets Direct Protocol (SDP)

5 Understanding Oracle Net Architecture

• About Service Registration
• About the Listener and Connection Requests
• About Oracle Restart
• About Blocked Connection Requests
• Understanding Database Server Process Architecture
  • About Shared Server Processes
  • About Dedicated Server Processes
• Understanding Oracle Connection Manager Architecture
• Complete Architecture

Part II Configuration and Administration of Oracle Net Services

6 Quick Start to Oracle Net Services

• Prerequisites for Establishing Connectivity
• Confirming Network Availability
• Starting Oracle Net Listener and the Oracle Database Server
• Starting Oracle Connection Manager
• Connecting to the Database
• Using Easy Connect to Connect to a Database

7 Managing Oracle Net Services

• Using the User Interface Tools
  • Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control to Configure Oracle Net Services
  • Using Oracle Net Manager to Configure Oracle Net Services
  • Deciding When to Use Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control and Oracle Net Manager
  • Using Oracle Net Configuration Assistant to Configure Network Components
• About the OracleNetAdmins Group
  • Adding Users To the OracleNetAdmins Group
  • Removing Users From the OracleNetAdmins Group
  • Changing Ownership of the OracleNetAdmins Group
• Using Listener Control Utility to Administer the Listener
• Performing Common Network Tasks

8 Configuring Naming Methods

• Understanding the Easy Connect Naming Method
  • Examples of Easy Connect Naming Method
  • Configuring Easy Connect Naming on the Client
  • Configuring Easy Connect Naming to Use a DNS Alias
• Configuring the Local Naming Method
  • Configuring the tnsnames.ora File During Installation
  • Configuring the tnsnames.ora File After Installation
• Configuring the Directory Naming Method
• Creating Multiple Default Contexts in a Directory Naming Server
• Exporting Local Naming Entries to a Directory Naming Server
• Exporting Directory Naming Entries to a tnsnames.ora File
• Configuring External Naming Methods

9 Configuring and Administering Oracle Net Listener

• Overview of Oracle Net Listener
• Configuring Dynamic Service Registration
  • Setting Initialization Parameters for Service Registration
  • Registering Information with a Local Listener
  • Registering Information with a Remote Listener
  • Registering Information with All Listeners in a Network
  • Configuring a Naming Method
• Configuring Oracle Net Listener During Installation
• Customizing Oracle Net Listener Configuration
  • Configuring Listening Protocol Addresses
  • Handling Large Volumes of Concurrent Connection Requests
  • Managing Oracle Net Listener Security
• Administering the Listener
  • Starting and Stopping a Listener
  • Managing a Listener in an Oracle Restart Configuration
  • Determining the Current Status of a Listener
  • Monitoring Services of a Listener
  • Monitoring Listener Log Files

10 Configuring Oracle Connection Manager

• About the cman.ora File
• Configuring Oracle Connection Manager
  • Configuring the cman.ora file for the Oracle Connection Manager Host
  • Configuring Clients for Oracle Connection Manager
  • Configuring the Oracle Database Server for Oracle Connection Manager
• Using Oracle Connection Manager as a Bridge for IPv4 and IPv6
• Using the Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility to Administer Oracle Connection Manager

11 Configuring a Shared Server Architecture

• About Dispatchers
  • Grouping Services by Dispatcher
  • Monitoring Dispatchers
• Enabling Session Multiplexing
• Configuring Clients for Environments with Both Shared and Dedicated Servers

12 Configuring Profiles

• Overview of Profile Configuration
• Configuring the Profile During Installation
• Understanding Client Attributes for Names Resolution
  • About the Default Domain for Clients
  • Prioritizing Naming Methods
  • Routing Connection Requests to a Process
• Settings for Database Access Control
  • Configuring Database Access Control
• About Advanced Profile Information
  • Setting the Advanced Features in the sqlnet.ora File Using Oracle Net Services
• Configuring External Naming Methods
• Configuring Oracle Network Security

13 Enabling Advanced Features of Oracle Net Services

• Configuring Advanced Network Address and Connect Data Information
  • Creating a List of Listener Protocol Addresses
  • About the Address List Parameters
  • About the Advanced Connect Data Parameters
• Understanding Connection Load Balancing
  • Example of Connection Load Balancing for Shared Server Configuration
  • Example of Connection Load Balancing for Dedicated Server Configuration
• Configuring Transparent Application Failover
  • About Transparent Application Failover
  • What Transparent Application Failover Restores
  • About the FAILOVER_MODE Parameters
  • Implementing Transparent Application Failover
  • Verifying Transparent Application Failover
• Specifying the Instance Role for Primary and Secondary Instance Configurations
• Understanding Static Service Registration
  • Configuring Static Registration for the Listener
• Configuring Connections to Third-party Database Services
  • Default Configuration for External Procedures
  • About Oracle Net Services for Oracle Heterogeneous Services
  • Configuring Oracle Net Services for an Oracle Rdb Database

14 Optimizing Performance

• Understanding the Benefits of Network Data Compression
• Configuring Session Data Unit
  • Setting the SDU Size for the Database
  • Setting the SDU Size for the Client
• Determining the Bandwidth-Delay Product
• Configuring I/O Buffer Space
  • Configuring I/O Buffer Size on the Server
  • Configuring I/O Buffer Space on the Client
• Configuring SDP Support for InfiniBand Connections
  • Prerequisites for Using SDP
  • Configuring SDP on the Server
  • Configuring SDP on the Client
• Limiting Resource Consumption by Unauthorized Users

Part III Testing and Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services

15 Testing Connections

• Testing the Network
• Using the TNSPING Utility to Test Connectivity from the Client
• Using the TRCROUTE Utility to Test Connectivity from the Client

16 Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services

• Understanding Automatic Diagnostic Repository
  • ADRCI: ADR Command Interpreter
• Diagnosing Oracle Net Services
  • Diagnosing Server Problems
  • Diagnosing Client Problems
• Resolving the Most Common Error Messages for Oracle Net Services
  • ORA-03113: End-of-file on Communication Channel
  • ORA-12154: Could Not Resolve the Connect Identifier Specified
  • ORA-12170: Connect Timeout Occurred
  • TNS-12500 or ORA-12500: Listener Failed to Start a Dedicated Server Process
  • ORA-12514: Listener Does Not Currently Know of Service Requested in Connect Descriptor
  • ORA-12520: Listener Could Not Find Available Handler for Requested Type of Server
  • ORA-12521: Listener Does Not Currently Know of Instance Requested in Connect Descriptor
  • ORA-12525: Listener Has Not Received Client's Request in Time Allowed
  • ORA-12533: Illegal Address Parameters
  • TNS-12540 or ORA-12540: TNS:Internal Limit Restriction Exceeded and TNS-00510: Internal Limit Restriction Exceeded
  • TNS-12541 or ORA-12541: TNS:No Listener
  • TNS-12549 or ORA-12549: TNS:Operating System Resource Quota Exceeded and TNS-00519: Operating System Resource Quota Exceeded
  • TNS-12560 or ORA-12560: TNS:Protocol Adapter Error Occurred
  • Directory Naming Errors
• Troubleshooting Suggestions for Oracle Net Services
  • Questions to Consider When Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services
• Example of Troubleshooting a TNS-12154 Error
• Logging Error Information for Oracle Net Services
  • Oracle Net Error Stacks
  • Oracle Net Services Log File Names
  • About the Logging Parameters
  • Setting Logging Parameters in Configuration Files
  • Setting Logging During Control Utilities Runtime
  • Using Log Files
  • Analyzing Listener Log Files
  • Analyzing Oracle Connection Manager Logs
• Tracing Error Information for Oracle Net Services
  • Understanding Oracle Net Services Trace File Names
  • Setting Tracing Parameters
  • Setting Tracing During Control Utilities Runtime
  • Evaluating Oracle Net Services Trace Files
  • Using the Trace Assistant to Examine Trace Files
• Contacting Oracle Support Services

Glossary

Index