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Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documents
• Conventions

Changes in This Release for Oracle Database Advanced Replication

• Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1)

1 Introduction to Advanced Replication

• Overview of Replication
• Applications that Use Replication
• Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites
  • Replication Objects
  • Replication Groups
  • Replication Sites
• Types of Replication Environments
  • Multimaster Replication
    • Master Group Quiesce
  • Materialized View Replication
    • Overview of Read-Only Materialized Views
    • Overview of Updatable Materialized Views
    • Overview of Writeable Materialized Views
    • Overview of Row and Column Subsetting with Materialized Views
    • Materialized View Refresh
    • Refresh Groups
    • Materialized View Log
    • Deployment Templates
  • Multimaster and Materialized View Hybrid Configurations
    • Scheduled Links
• Administration Tools for a Replication Environment
  • Advanced Replication Interface in Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
  • Replication Management API
  • Replication Catalog
  • Distributed Schema Management
• Replication Conflicts
• Other Options for Multimaster Replication
  • Synchronous Replication
  • Procedural Replication
    • Conflict Detection and Procedural Replication

2 Master Replication Concepts and Architecture

• Master Replication Concepts
  • What is Master Replication?
    • Multimaster Replication
    • Single Master Replication
    • Master Sites
  • Why Use Multimaster Replication?
    • Failover
    • Load Balancing
    • Support for Disconnected Materialized View Environments
    • Oracle Real Application Clusters Compared with Replication
  • Multimaster Replication Process
    • Asynchronous Replication
    • Synchronous Replication
  • Conflict Resolution Concepts
  • How Replication Works with Object Types and Collections
    • Type Agreement at Replication Sites
    • Object Tables and Replication
    • Tables with Collection Columns
    • Tables with REF Columns
• Master Replication Architecture
  • Master Site Mechanisms
    • Master Site Roles/Users
    • Database Links and Replication
    • Replication Objects
    • Alternatives to Replicating Sequences
    • Internal Triggers
    • Deferred Transactions
    • Internal Procedure
    • Queues
  • Administrative Mechanisms
    • Replication Modes of Operation
    • Replication Mode Control
    • Administrative Requests
    • Administrative Request Queue
  • Organizational Mechanisms
    • Master Group
    • Column Groups
  • Propagation Mechanism
    • Propagation Types
    • Synchronous Data Propagation
    • Understanding Mixed-Mode Multimaster Systems
    • Initiating Propagation
  • Performance Mechanisms
    • Parallel Propagation
    • Minimum Communication
    • Delay Seconds
  • Replication Protection Mechanisms
    • Data Propagation Dependency Maintenance
  • Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
    • Row Identification During Conflict Detection
    • Resolution of Data Conflicts

3 Materialized View Concepts and Architecture

• Materialized View Concepts
  • What is a Materialized View?
  • Why Use Materialized Views?
    • Ease Network Loads
    • Create a Mass Deployment Environment
    • Enable Data Subsetting
    • Enable Disconnected Computing
  • Read-Only, Updatable, and Writeable Materialized Views
    • Read-Only Materialized Views
    • Updatable Materialized Views
    • Writeable Materialized Views
  • Available Materialized Views
    • Primary Key Materialized Views
    • Object Materialized Views
    • ROWID Materialized Views
    • Complex Materialized Views
  • Required Privileges for Materialized View Operations
    • Creator Is Owner
    • Creator Is Not Owner
    • Refresher Is Owner
    • Refresher Is Not Owner
  • Data Subsetting with Materialized Views
    • Materialized Views with Subqueries
    • Restrictions for Materialized Views with Subqueries
    • Restrictions for Materialized Views with Unions Containing Subqueries
  • Determining the Fast Refresh Capabilities of a Materialized View
  • Multitier Materialized Views
    • Scenario for Using Multitier Materialized Views
    • Restrictions for Using Multitier Materialized Views
  • How Materialized Views Work with Object Types and Collections
    • Type Agreement at Replication Sites
    • Column Subsetting of Masters with Column Objects
    • Materialized Views Based on Object Tables
    • Materialized Views with Collection Columns
    • Materialized Views with REF Columns
  • Materialized View Registration at a Master Site or Master Materialized View Site
    • Viewing Information about Registered Materialized Views
    • Internal Mechanisms
    • Manual Materialized View Registration
• Materialized View Architecture
  • Master Site and Master Materialized View Site Mechanisms
    • Master Table or Master Materialized View
    • Internal Trigger for the Materialized View Log
    • Materialized View Log
  • Materialized View Site Mechanisms
    • Index
    • Updatable Materialized View Log
    • Internal Trigger for the Updatable Materialized View Log
  • Organizational Mechanisms
    • Materialized View Groups
    • Refresh Groups
    • Refresh Group Size
  • Refresh Process
    • Refresh Types
    • Initiating a Refresh
    • Constraints and Refresh

4 Deployment Templates Concepts and Architecture

• Mass Deployment Challenge
  • Deployment Templates and the Mass Deployment Goal
• Oracle Deployment Templates Concepts
  • Deployment Template Elements
    • General Template Information
    • Template Object Definitions
    • Template Parameters
    • Template Parameters in the WHERE Clause and Security
    • User Authorization
    • Deployment Sites
  • Deployment Template Packaging and Instantiation
    • Online Instantiation
    • Offline Instantiation
    • Scenarios for Instantiating a Deployment Template
• Deployment Template Architecture
  • Template Definitions Stored in System Tables
    • Use of Standard DDL
  • Packaging and Instantiation Process
    • Packaging a Deployment Template for Online Instantiation
    • Packaging a Deployment Template for Offline Instantiation
    • Online Instantiation
    • Offline Instantiation
    • Packaging and Instantiation Options
  • After Instantiation
    • Materialized View Groups
    • Refresh Groups
• Deployment Template Design
  • Column Subsetting with Deployment Templates
  • Row Subsetting
    • Row Subsetting with an Assignment Table
  • Data Sets
  • Additional Design Considerations
• Local Control of Materialized View Creation
  • Local Materialized View Control

5 Conflict Resolution Concepts and Architecture

• Conflict Resolution Concepts
  • Understanding Your Data and Application Requirements
    • Examples of Conflict Detection and Resolution
  • Types of Replication Conflicts
    • Update Conflicts
    • Uniqueness Conflicts
    • Delete Conflicts
  • Data Conflicts and Transaction Ordering
  • Conflict Detection
    • How Oracle Detects Different Types of Conflicts
    • Identifying Rows During Conflict Detection
  • Conflict Resolution
    • Multitier Materialized Views and Conflict Resolution
    • Column Subsetting of Updatable Materialized Views and Conflict Resolution
    • Nested Tables and Conflict Resolution
  • Techniques for Avoiding Conflicts
    • Use Column Groups
    • Use Primary Site and Dynamic Site Ownership Data Models
    • Avoiding Specific Types of Conflicts
• Conflict Resolution Architecture
  • Support Mechanisms
    • Column Groups
    • Error Queue
  • Common Update Conflict Resolution Methods
    • Latest Timestamp
    • Overwrite
  • Additional Update Conflicts Resolution Methods
    • Additive
    • Average
    • Discard
    • Earliest Timestamp
    • Maximum
    • Minimum
    • Priority Groups
    • Site Priority
  • Uniqueness Conflicts Resolution Methods
    • Append Site Name
    • Append Sequence
    • Discard
  • Delete Conflict Resolution Methods
  • Send and Compare Old Values
    • Send and Compare Example
    • Send and Compare When Using Column Objects

6 Planning Your Replication Environment

• Considerations for Replicated Tables
  • Primary Keys and Replicated Tables
  • Foreign Keys and Replicated Tables
  • Data Type Considerations for Replicated Tables
  • Unsupported Table Types
  • Row-Level Dependency Tracking
• Initialization Parameters
• Master Sites and Materialized View Sites
  • Advantages of Master Sites
  • Advantages of Materialized View Sites
  • Preparing for Materialized Views
    • Create Materialized View Site Users
    • Create Master Site Users
    • Create Schemas at Materialized View Site
    • Create Database Links
    • Assign Privileges
    • Schedule Purge at Master Site
    • Schedule Push
    • Allocate Job Slaves
  • Creating a Materialized View Log
    • Logging Columns in the Materialized View Log
  • Creating a Materialized View Environment
    • Creating a Materialized View Environment Using the Replication Management Interface
    • Creating a Materialized View Environment Using the Replication Management API
  • Avoiding Problems When Adding a New Materialized View Site
• Interoperability in an Advanced Replication Environment
• Guidelines for Scheduled Links
  • Scheduling Periodic Pushes
  • Scheduling Continuous Pushes
• Guidelines for Scheduled Purges of a Deferred Transaction Queue
  • Scheduling Periodic Purges
  • Scheduling Continuous Purges
• Serial and Parallel Propagation
• Deployment Templates
  • Preparing Materialized View Sites for Instantiation of Deployment Templates
    • Network Connectivity
    • Database Version
    • Materialized View Site Setup
    • Create Necessary Schemas
    • Create Database Links
    • Online or Offline Instantiation
    • Create Necessary Rollback Segments
• Conflict Resolution
• Security and Replication
• Designing for Survivability
  • Oracle Real Application Clusters versus Replication
  • Designing a Replication Environment for Survivability
  • Implementing a Survivable System
    • Database Recovery in Replication Environments

A Troubleshooting Replication Problems

• Diagnosing Problems with Database Links
• Diagnosing Problems with Master Sites
  • Replicated Objects Not Created at New Master Site
  • DDL Changes Not Propagated to Master Site
  • DML Changes Not Asynchronously Propagated to Other Sites
  • DML Cannot be Applied to Replicated Table
  • Bulk Updates and Constraint Violations
  • Re-creating a Replicated Object
  • Unable to Generate Replication Support for a Table
  • Problems with Replicated Procedures or Triggers
• Diagnosing Problems with the Deferred Transaction Queue
  • Check Jobs for Scheduled Links
  • Distributed Transaction Problems with Synchronous Replication
  • Incomplete Database Link Specifications
  • Incorrect Replication Catalog Views
• Diagnosing Problems with Materialized Views
  • Problems Creating Replicated Objects at Materialized View Site
  • Problems Performing Offline Instantiation of a Deployment Template
  • Refresh Problems
    • Common Refresh Problems
    • Automatic Refresh Retries
    • Fast Refresh Errors at New Materialized View Sites
    • Materialized Views Continually Refreshing
    • Materialized View Logs Growing Too Large
  • Advanced Troubleshooting of Refresh Problems

B Column Length Semantics and Unicode

• Column Length Semantics for Replication Sites and Table Columns
• Multimaster Support for Column Length Semantics
  • Column Length Semantics Support for Tables Generated by Advanced Replication
  • Column Length Semantics Support for Precreated Tables
• Materialized View Support for Column Length Semantics
  • Materialized Views with Prebuilt Container Tables
  • Column Length Semantics Support for Updatable Materialized Views
• DDL Propagation and Column Length Semantics
• Replication Support for Unicode
  • Replication of NCLOB Data Type Columns

Index