{"id":11154,"date":"2019-03-09T22:37:40","date_gmt":"2019-03-09T22:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/?p=11154"},"modified":"2019-03-09T22:37:40","modified_gmt":"2019-03-09T22:37:40","slug":"20-command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/2019\/03\/09\/20-command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance\/","title":{"rendered":"20 Command Line Tools to Monitor Linux Performance"},"content":{"rendered":"

It\u2019s really very tough job for every\u00a0System<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0Network<\/strong>\u00a0administrator to monitor and debug\u00a0Linux System Performance<\/strong>\u00a0problems every day. After being a\u00a0Linux Administrator<\/strong>\u00a0for\u00a05 years<\/strong>\u00a0in\u00a0IT industry<\/strong>, I came to know that how hard is to monitor and keep systems up and running. For this reason, we\u2019ve compiled the list of\u00a0Top 20<\/strong>frequently used command line monitoring tools that might be useful for every\u00a0Linux\/Unix System Administrator<\/strong>. These commands are available under all flavors of\u00a0Linux<\/strong>\u00a0and can be useful to monitor and find the actual causes of performance problem. This list of commands shown here are very enough for you to pick the one that is suitable for your monitoring scenario.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Linux<\/a><\/p>\n

Linux Command Line Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1. Top \u2013 Linux Process Monitoring<\/h4>\n

Linux\u00a0Top<\/strong>\u00a0command is a performance monitoring program which is used frequently by many system administrators to monitor Linux performance and it is available under many\u00a0Linux\/Unix<\/strong>\u00a0like operating systems. The top command used to dipslay all the running and active real-time processes in ordered list and updates it regularly. It display\u00a0CPU usage<\/strong>,\u00a0Memory usage<\/strong>,\u00a0Swap Memory<\/strong>,\u00a0Cache Size<\/strong>,\u00a0Buffer Size<\/strong>,\u00a0Process PID<\/strong>,\u00a0User<\/strong>,\u00a0Command<\/strong>s and much more. It also shows high\u00a0memory<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0cpu<\/strong>\u00a0utilization of a running processess. The top command is much userful for system administrator to monitor and take correct action when required. Let\u2019s see top command in action.<\/p>\n

# top<\/pre>\n
\n
\"Top<\/a><\/p>\n
Top Command Example<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
For more examples of Top command read :<\/strong>\u00a012 TOP Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
2. VmStat \u2013 Virtual Memory Statistics<\/h4>\n
Linux\u00a0VmStat<\/strong>\u00a0command used to display statistics of\u00a0virtual memory<\/strong>,\u00a0kernerl threads<\/strong>,\u00a0disks<\/strong>,\u00a0system processes<\/strong>,\u00a0I\/O blocks<\/strong>,\u00a0interrupts<\/strong>,\u00a0CPU activity<\/strong>\u00a0and much more. By default vmstat command is not available under Linux systems you need to install a package called\u00a0sysstat<\/strong>\u00a0that includes a vmstat program. The common usage of command format is.<\/p>\n
# vmstat<\/strong>\r\n\r\nprocs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----\r\n r  b   swpd   free  inact active   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st\r\n 1  0      0 810420  97380  70628    0    0   115     4   89   79  1  6 90  3  0<\/pre>\n
For more Vmstat examples read :<\/strong>\u00a06 Vmstat Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
3. Lsof \u2013 List Open Files<\/h4>\n
Lsof<\/strong>\u00a0command used in many\u00a0Linux\/Unix<\/strong>\u00a0like system that is used to display list of all the open files and the processes. The open files included are\u00a0disk files<\/strong>,\u00a0network sockets<\/strong>,\u00a0pipes<\/strong>,\u00a0devices<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0processes<\/strong>. One of the main reason for using this command is when a disk cannot be unmounted and displays the error that files are being used or opened. With this commmand you can easily identify which files are in use. The most common format for this command is.<\/p>\n
# lsof<\/strong>\r\n\r\nCOMMAND     PID      USER   FD      TYPE     DEVICE     SIZE       NODE NAME\r\ninit          1      root  cwd       DIR      104,2     4096          2 \/\r\ninit          1      root  rtd       DIR      104,2     4096          2 \/\r\ninit          1      root  txt       REG      104,2    38652   17710339 \/sbin\/init\r\ninit          1      root  mem       REG      104,2   129900     196453 \/lib\/ld-2.5.so\r\ninit          1      root  mem       REG      104,2  1693812     196454 \/lib\/libc-2.5.so\r\ninit          1      root  mem       REG      104,2    20668     196479 \/lib\/libdl-2.5.so\r\ninit          1      root  mem       REG      104,2   245376     196419 \/lib\/libsepol.so.1\r\ninit          1      root  mem       REG      104,2    93508     196431 \/lib\/libselinux.so.1\r\ninit          1      root   10u     FIFO       0,17                 953 \/dev\/initctl<\/pre>\n
More lsof command usage and examples :<\/strong>\u00a010 lsof Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
4. Tcpdump \u2013 Network Packet Analyzer<\/h4>\n
Tcpdump<\/strong>\u00a0one of the most widely used command-line\u00a0network packet analyzer<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0packets sniffer<\/strong>\u00a0program that is used capture or filter\u00a0TCP\/IP<\/strong>\u00a0packets that received or transferred on a specific interface over a network. It also provides a option to save captured packages in a file for later analysis. tcpdump is almost available in all major Linux distributions.<\/p>\n
# tcpdump -i eth0<\/strong>\r\n\r\ntcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode\r\nlistening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes\r\n22:08:59.617628 IP tecmint.com.ssh > 115.113.134.3.static-mumbai.vsnl.net.in.28472: P 2532133365:2532133481(116) ack 3561562349 win 9648\r\n22:09:07.653466 IP tecmint.com.ssh > 115.113.134.3.static-mumbai.vsnl.net.in.28472: P 116:232(116) ack 1 win 9648\r\n22:08:59.617916 IP 115.113.134.3.static-mumbai.vsnl.net.in.28472 > tecmint.com.ssh: . ack 116 win 64347<\/pre>\n
For more tcpdump usage read :<\/strong>\u00a012 Tcpdump Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
5. Netstat \u2013 Network Statistics<\/h4>\n
Netstat<\/strong>\u00a0is a command line tool for monitoring\u00a0incoming<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0outgoing network<\/strong>\u00a0packets statistics as well as interface statistics. It is very useful tool for every system administrator to monitor network performance and troubleshoot network related problems.<\/p>\n
# netstat -a | more<\/strong>\r\n\r\nActive Internet connections (servers and established)\r\nProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State\r\ntcp        0      0 *:mysql                     *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 *:realm-rusd                *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 *:ftp                       *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:ipp   *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  localhost.localdomain:42709 TIME_WAIT\r\ntcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  localhost.localdomain:42710 TIME_WAIT\r\ntcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN\r\ntcp        0      0 *:https                     *:*                         LISTEN<\/pre>\n
More Netstat examples :<\/strong>\u00a020 Netstat Command Examples in Linux<\/a>.<\/p>\n
6. Htop \u2013 Linux Process Monitoring<\/h4>\n
Htop<\/strong>\u00a0is a much advanced interactive and real time Linux process monitoring tool. This is much similar to Linux\u00a0top command<\/strong>\u00a0but it has some rich features like\u00a0user friendly interface to manage process<\/strong>,\u00a0shortcut keys<\/strong>,\u00a0vertical and horizontal view of the processes<\/strong>\u00a0and much more. Htop is a third party tool and doesn\u2019t included in Linux systems, you need to install it using\u00a0YUM<\/strong>\u00a0package manager tool. For more information on installation read our article below.<\/p>\n
# htop<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\n
\"Htop<\/p>\n
Htop Command Example Screenshot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
For Htop installation read :<\/strong>\u00a0Install Htop (Linux Process Monitoring) in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
7. Iotop \u2013 Monitor Linux Disk I\/O<\/h4>\n
Iotop<\/strong>\u00a0is also much similar to\u00a0top command<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0Htop program<\/strong>, but it has accounting function to monitor and display real time\u00a0Disk I\/O<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0processes<\/strong>. This tool is much useful for finding the exact process and high used disk read\/writes of the processes.<\/p>\n
# iotop<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\n
\"Iotop<\/p>\n
Iotop Command Example Screenshot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
For Ioptop installation and usage read :<\/strong>\u00a0Install Iotop in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
8. Iostat \u2013 Input\/Output Statistics<\/h4>\n
IoStat<\/strong>\u00a0is simple tool that will collect and show system\u00a0input<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0output<\/strong>\u00a0storage device statistics. This tool is often used to trace storage device performance issues including\u00a0devices<\/strong>,\u00a0local disks<\/strong>,\u00a0remote disks<\/strong>\u00a0such as\u00a0NFS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
# iostat<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLinux 2.6.18-238.9.1.el5 (tecmint.com)         09\/13\/2012\r\n\r\navg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle\r\n           2.60    3.65    1.04    4.29    0.00   88.42\r\n\r\nDevice:            tps   Blk_read\/s   Blk_wrtn\/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn\r\ncciss\/c0d0       17.79       545.80       256.52  855159769  401914750\r\ncciss\/c0d0p1      0.00         0.00         0.00       5459       3518\r\ncciss\/c0d0p2     16.45       533.97       245.18  836631746  384153384\r\ncciss\/c0d0p3      0.63         5.58         3.97    8737650    6215544\r\ncciss\/c0d0p4      0.00         0.00         0.00          8          0\r\ncciss\/c0d0p5      0.63         3.79         5.03    5936778    7882528\r\ncciss\/c0d0p6      0.08         2.46         2.34    3847771    3659776<\/pre>\n
For more Iostat usage and examples visit :<\/strong>\u00a06 Iostat Command Examples in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
9. IPTraf \u2013 Real Time IP LAN Monitoring<\/h4>\n
IPTraf<\/strong>\u00a0is an open source console-based real time network (IP LAN<\/strong>) monitoring utility for\u00a0Linux<\/strong>. It collects a variety of information such as IP traffic monitor that passes over the network, including TCP flag information, ICMP details, TCP\/UDP traffic breakdowns, TCP connection packet and byne counts. It also gathers information of general and detaled interface statistics of TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, non-IP, IP checksum errors, interface activity etc.<\/p>\n
\n
\"IP<\/a><\/p>\n
IP Traffic Monitor<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
For more information and usage of IPTraf tool, please visit :<\/strong>\u00a0IPTraf Network Monitoring Tool<\/a><\/p>\n
10. Psacct or Acct \u2013 Monitor User Activity<\/h4>\n
psacct or acct tools are very useful for monitoring each users activity on the system. Both daemons runs in the background and keeps a close watch on the overall activity of each user on the system and also what resources are being consumed by them.<\/p>\n
These tools are very useful for system administrators to track each users activity like what they are doing, what commands they issued, how much resources are used by them, how long they are active on the system etc.<\/p>\n
For installation and example usage of commands read the article on\u00a0Monitor User Activity with psacct or acct<\/a><\/p>\n
11. Monit \u2013 Linux Process and Services Monitoring<\/h4>\n
Monit<\/strong>\u00a0is a free open source and web based process supervision utility that automatically monitors and managers system processes, programs, files, directories, permissions, checksums and filesystems.<\/p>\n
It monitors services like Apache, MySQL, Mail, FTP, ProFTP, Nginx, SSH and so on. The system status can be viewed from the command line or using it own web interface.<\/p>\n
\n
\"Monit<\/a><\/p>\n
Monit Linux Process Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0Linux Process Monitoring with Monit<\/a><\/p>\n
12. NetHogs \u2013 Monitor Per Process Network Bandwidth<\/h4>\n
NetHogs<\/strong>\u00a0is an open source nice small program (similar to Linux\u00a0top command<\/strong>) that keeps a tab on each process network activity on your system. It also keeps a track of real time network traffic bandwidth used by each program or application.<\/p>\n
\n
\"NetHogs<\/a><\/p>\n
NetHogs Linux Bandwidth Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0Monitor Linux Network Bandwidth Using NetHogs<\/a><\/p>\n
13. iftop \u2013 Network Bandwidth Monitoring<\/h4>\n
iftop<\/strong>\u00a0is another terminal-based free open source system monitoring utility that displays a frequently updated list of network bandwidth utilization (source and destination hosts) that passing through the network interface on your system. iftop is considered for network usage, what \u2018top<\/strong>\u2018 does for CPU usage. iftop is a \u2018top<\/strong>\u2018 family tool that monitor a selected interface and displays a current bandwidth usage between two hosts.<\/p>\n
\n
\"iftop<\/a><\/p>\n
iftop \u2013 Network Bandwidth Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0iftop \u2013 Monitor Network Bandwidth Utilization<\/a><\/p>\n
14. Monitorix \u2013 System and Network Monitoring<\/h4>\n
Monitorix<\/strong>\u00a0is a free lightweight utility that is designed to run and monitor system and network resources as many as possible in\u00a0Linux\/Unix<\/strong>\u00a0servers. It has a built in\u00a0HTTP<\/strong>\u00a0web server that regularly collects system and network information and display them in graphs. It Monitors\u00a0system load average and usage<\/strong>,\u00a0memory allocation<\/strong>,\u00a0disk driver health<\/strong>,\u00a0system services<\/strong>,\u00a0network ports<\/strong>,\u00a0mail statistics<\/strong>\u00a0(Sendmail<\/strong>,\u00a0Postfix<\/strong>,\u00a0Dovecot<\/strong>, etc),\u00a0MySQL statistics<\/strong>\u00a0and many more. It designed to monitor overall system performance and helps in detecting failures, bottlenecks, abnormal activities etc.<\/p>\n
\n
\"Monitorix<\/a><\/p>\n
Monitorix Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0Monitorix a System and Network Monitoring Tool for Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
15. Arpwatch \u2013 Ethernet Activity Monitor<\/h4>\n
Arpwatch<\/strong>\u00a0is a kind of program that is designed to monitor Address Resolution (MAC<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0IP<\/strong>\u00a0address changes) of\u00a0Ethernet<\/strong>\u00a0network traffic on a Linux network. It continuously keeps watch on Ethernet traffic and produces a log of\u00a0IP<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0MAC<\/strong>\u00a0address pair changes along with a timestamps on a network. It also has a feature to send an email alerts to administrator, when a pairing added or changes. It is very useful in detecting\u00a0ARP<\/strong>\u00a0spoofing on a network.<\/p>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0Arpwatch to Monitor Ethernet Activity<\/a><\/p>\n
16. Suricata \u2013 Network Security Monitoring<\/h4>\n
Suricata<\/strong>\u00a0is an high performance open source\u00a0Network Security<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0Intrusion Detection<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0Prevention Monitoring System<\/strong>\u00a0for\u00a0Linux<\/strong>,\u00a0FreeBSD<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0Windows<\/strong>.It was designed and owned by a non-profit foundation\u00a0OISF<\/strong>(Open Information Security Foundation<\/strong>).<\/p>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0Suricata \u2013 A Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System<\/a><\/p>\n
17. VnStat PHP \u2013 Monitoring Network Bandwidth<\/h4>\n
VnStat PHP<\/strong>\u00a0a web based frontend application for most popular networking tool called \u201cvnstat<\/strong>\u201c.\u00a0VnStat PHP<\/strong>monitors a network traffic usage in nicely graphical mode. It displays a total\u00a0IN<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0OUT<\/strong>\u00a0network traffic usage in\u00a0hourly<\/strong>,\u00a0daily<\/strong>,\u00a0monthly<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0full summary<\/strong>\u00a0report.<\/p>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0VnStat PHP \u2013 Monitoring Network Bandwidth<\/a><\/p>\n
18. Nagios \u2013 Network\/Server Monitoring<\/h4>\n
Nagios is an leading open source powerful monitoring system that enables network\/system administrators to identify and resolve server related problems before they affect major business processes. With the Nagios system, administrators can able to monitor remote Linux, Windows, Switches, Routers and Printers on a single window. It shows critical warnings and indicates if something went wrong in your network\/server which indirectly helps you to begin remediation processes before they occur.<\/p>\n
Read More<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0Install Nagios Monitoring System to Monitor Remote Linux\/Windows Hosts<\/a><\/p>\n
19. Nmon: Monitor Linux Performance<\/h3>\n
Nmon (stands for Nigel\u2019s performance Monitor) tool, which is used to monitor all Linux resources such as CPU, Memory, Disk Usage, Network, Top processes, NFS, Kernel and much more. This tool comes in two modes: Online Mode and Capture Mode.<\/p>\n
The Online Mode, is used for real-time monitoring and Capture Mode, is used to store the output in CSV format for later processing.<\/p>\n
\n
\"Nmon<\/a><\/p>\n
Nmon Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Read More:<\/strong>\u00a0Install Nmon (Performance Monitoring) Tool in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
20. Collectl: All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool<\/h3>\n
Collectl<\/strong>\u00a0is a yet another powerful and feature rich command line based utility, that can be used to gather information about Linux system resources such as CPU usage, memory, network, inodes, processes, nfs, tcp, sockets and much more.<\/p>\n
\n
\"Collectl<\/a><\/p>\n
Collectl Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Read More:<\/strong>\u00a0Install Collectl (All-in-One Performance Monitoring) Tool in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n
We would like to know what kind of\u00a0monitoring programs<\/strong>\u00a0you use to\u00a0monitor performance of your Linux servers<\/strong>? If we\u2019ve missed any important tool that you would like us to include in this list, please inform us via comments and please don\u2019t forget to share it.<\/p>\n
Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
It\u2019s really very tough job for every\u00a0System\u00a0or\u00a0Network\u00a0administrator to monitor and debug\u00a0Linux System Performance\u00a0problems every day. After being a\u00a0Linux Administrator\u00a0for\u00a05 years\u00a0in\u00a0IT industry, I came to know that how hard is to monitor and keep systems up and running. For this reason, we\u2019ve compiled the list of\u00a0Top 20frequently used command line monitoring tools that might be useful … <\/p>\n
Continue reading “20 Command Line Tools to Monitor Linux Performance”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11154"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11155,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11154\/revisions\/11155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}