{"id":12115,"date":"2019-03-22T10:57:56","date_gmt":"2019-03-22T10:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/?p=12115"},"modified":"2019-03-22T10:57:56","modified_gmt":"2019-03-22T10:57:56","slug":"27-dnf-fork-of-yum-commands-for-rpm-package-management-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/2019\/03\/22\/27-dnf-fork-of-yum-commands-for-rpm-package-management-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"27 \u2018DNF\u2019 (Fork of Yum) Commands for RPM Package Management in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

DNF<\/strong>\u00a0aka\u00a0Dandified YUM<\/strong>\u00a0is a next generation Package Manager for\u00a0RPM<\/strong>\u00a0based Distribution. It was first introduced in Fedora 18 and it has replaced\u00a0YUM utility<\/a>\u00a0in recent release of\u00a0Fedora 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Linux<\/a><\/p>\n

DNF<\/strong>\u00a0aims at improving the bottlenecks of\u00a0YUM<\/strong>\u00a0viz., Performance, Memory Usages, Dependency Resolution, Speed and lots of other factors. DNF does Package Management using RPM, libsolv and hawkey library. Though it does not come per-installed in CentOS and RHEL 7 you can yum, dnf and use it alongside the yum.<\/p>\n

You may like to read more about DNF here:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Reasons Behind Replacing Yum with DNF<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The latest stable release of\u00a0DNF<\/strong>\u00a0is\u00a01.0<\/strong>\u00a0(at the time of writing of post) which was released on\u00a0May 11, 2015<\/strong>. It (and all previous version of DNF) is mostly written in Python and is released under GPL v2 License.<\/p>\n

    Installation of DNF<\/h4>\n

    DNF in not available in the default repository of\u00a0RHEL<\/strong>\/CentOS 7<\/strong>. However Fedora 22 ships with DNF implemented officially.<\/p>\n

    To install\u00a0DNF<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0RHEL\/CentOS<\/strong>\u00a0systems, you need to first install and enable\u00a0epel-release<\/strong>\u00a0repository.<\/p>\n

    # yum install epel-release\r\nOR\r\n# yum install epel-release -y\r\n<\/pre>\n
    Though it is not ethical to use \u2018-y<\/strong>\u2018 with yum as it is recommended to see what is being installed in your system. However if this does not matter you much you may use \u2018-y\u2019 with yum to install everything automatically without user\u2019s intervention.<\/p>\n
    Next, install DNF package using yum command from\u00a0epel-release<\/strong>\u00a0repository.<\/p>\n
    # yum install dnf\r\n<\/pre>\n
    After\u00a0dnf<\/strong>\u00a0installed successfully, it\u2019s time to show you\u00a027<\/strong>\u00a0practical usage of\u00a0dnf commands<\/strong>\u00a0with examples that will help you to manage packages in RPM based distribution easily and effectively.<\/p>\n
    1. Check DNF Version<\/h4>\n
    Check the version of DNF installed on your System.<\/p>\n
    # dnf --version\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Check<\/a><\/p>\n
    2. List Enabled DNF Repositories<\/h4>\n
    The option \u2018repolist<\/strong>\u2018 with dnf command, will display all enabled repositories under your system.<\/p>\n
    # dnf repolist\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Check<\/a><\/p>\n
    3. List all Enabled and Disabled DNF Repositories<\/h4>\n
    The option \u2018repolist all<\/strong>\u2018 will print all the enabled\/disabled repositories under your system.<\/p>\n
    # dnf repolist all\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"List<\/a><\/p>\n
    4. List all Available and Installed Packages using DNF<\/h4>\n
    The command \u201cdnf list<\/strong>\u201d will list all the available packages from all the repositories and installed packages on your Linux system.<\/p>\n
    # dnf list\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"List<\/a><\/p>\n
    5. List all Installed Packages using DNF<\/h4>\n
    While the \u201cdnf list<\/strong>\u201d command shows all the available\/installed packages from all the repositories. However, you have the option to list only the installed packages using option \u201clist installed<\/strong>\u201d as shown below.<\/p>\n
    # dnf list installed\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"List<\/a><\/p>\n
    6. List all Available Packages using DNF<\/h4>\n
    Similarly, the \u201clist available<\/strong>\u201d option, will list all the packages available to be installed from all the enabled repositories.<\/p>\n
    # dnf list available\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"List<\/a><\/p>\n
    7. Search for a Package using DNF<\/h4>\n
    If incase, you\u2019ve no idea about the package that you want install, in such situation you may use \u2018search<\/strong>\u2018 option with dnf command to search for the package that matches the word or string (say nano).<\/p>\n
    # dnf search nano\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Search<\/a><\/p>\n
    8. See what Provides a file\/sub-package?<\/h4>\n
    The dnf option \u201cprovides<\/strong>\u201d find the name of the package that provides specific file\/sub-package. For example, if you would like to find what provides \u2018\/bin\/bash<\/strong>\u2018 on your system?<\/p>\n
    # dnf provides \/bin\/bash\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Find<\/a><\/p>\n
    9. Get Details of a Package using DNF<\/h4>\n
    Let\u2019s assume you want to know the information of a package before installing it on the system, you may use \u201cinfo<\/strong>\u201d switch to get a detailed information about a package (say nano) as below.<\/p>\n
    # dnf info nano\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Check<\/a><\/p>\n
    10. Install a Package with DNF<\/h4>\n
    To install a package called\u00a0nano<\/strong>, just run the below command it will automatically resolve and install all required dependencies for package\u00a0nano<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
    # dnf install nano\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Install<\/a><\/p>\n
    11. Updating a Package using DNF<\/h4>\n
    You may update only a specific package (say\u00a0systemd<\/strong>) and leave everything on the system untouched.<\/p>\n
    # dnf update systemd\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Update<\/a><\/p>\n
    12. Check for System Updates using DNF<\/h4>\n
    Check updates for all the system packages installed into the system simply as.<\/p>\n
    # dnf check-update\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Check<\/a><\/p>\n
    13. Update All System Packages using DNF<\/h4>\n
    You may update the whole system including all the installed packages with following commands.<\/p>\n
    # dnf update\r\nOR\r\n# dnf upgrade\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Update<\/a><\/p>\n
    14. Remove\/Erase a Package using DNF<\/h4>\n
    To remove or erase any unwanted package (say\u00a0nano<\/strong>), you may use \u201cremove<\/strong>\u201d or \u201cerase<\/strong>\u201d switch with dnf command to remove it.<\/p>\n
    # dnf remove nano\r\nOR\r\n# dnf erase nano\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Remove<\/a><\/p>\n
    15. Remove Orphan Packages using DNF<\/h4>\n
    Those packages that were installed to satisfy dependency may be useless if not being used by other applications. To remove those orphan packages execute the below command.<\/p>\n
    # dnf autoremove\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Remove<\/a><\/p>\n
    16. Remove Cached Packages using DNF<\/h4>\n
    A lot of time we encounter out-of-date headers and unfinished transactions which results into error while executing dnf. We may clean all the cached packages and headers containing remote package information simply by executing.<\/p>\n
    # dnf clean all\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Remove<\/a><\/p>\n
    17. Get Help on Specific DNF Command<\/h4>\n
    You may get help of any specific dnf command (say\u00a0clean<\/strong>) just by executing the below command.<\/p>\n
    # dnf help clean\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Get<\/a><\/p>\n
    18. List all DNF Commands and Options<\/h4>\n
    To list help on all available dnf commands and option simply type.<\/p>\n
    # dnf help\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Get<\/a><\/p>\n
    19. View History of DNF<\/h4>\n
    You may call dnf history to look at the list of already executed dnf commands. This way you can be aware of what was installed\/removed with time stamp.<\/p>\n
    # dnf history\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Check<\/a><\/p>\n
    20. List all Group Packages<\/h4>\n
    The command \u201cdnf grouplist<\/strong>\u201d will print all available or installed packages, if nothing is mentioned, it will list all known groups.<\/p>\n
    # dnf grouplist\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"List<\/a><\/p>\n
    21. Install a Group Package using DNF<\/h4>\n
    To install a Group of packages bundled together as group package (say\u00a0Educational Software<\/strong>) simply as.<\/p>\n
    # dnf groupinstall 'Educational Software'\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Install<\/a><\/p>\n
    22. Update a Group Package<\/h4>\n
    Let\u2019s update a Group Package (say\u00a0Educational Software<\/strong>) by executing the below command.<\/p>\n
    # dnf groupupdate 'Educational Software'\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Update<\/a><\/p>\n
    23. Remove a Group Package<\/h4>\n
    We can remove the group Package (say\u00a0Educational Software<\/strong>) as.<\/p>\n
    # dnf groupremove 'Educational Software'\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Remove<\/a><\/p>\n
    24. Install a Package from Specific Repository<\/h4>\n
    DNF makes it possible to install any specific package (say\u00a0phpmyadmin<\/strong>) from a repo (epel<\/strong>) as simply as,<\/p>\n
    # dnf --enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Install<\/a><\/p>\n
    25. Synchronize Installed Packages to Stable Release<\/h4>\n
    The command \u201cdnf distro-sync<\/strong>\u201d will provides necessary options to synchronize all installed packages to most recent stable version available from any enabled repository. If no package is selected, all installed packages are synchronized.<\/p>\n
    # dnf distro-sync\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"Synchronize<\/a><\/p>\n
    26. Reinstall a Package<\/h4>\n
    The command \u201cdnf reinstall nano<\/strong>\u201d will reinstall an already installed package (say\u00a0nano<\/strong>).<\/p>\n
    # dnf reinstall nano\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \"ReInstall<\/a><\/p>\n
    27. Downgrade a Package<\/h4>\n
    The option \u201cdowngrade\u201d will downgrades the named package (say acpid) to lower version if possible.<\/p>\n
    # dnf downgrade acpid\r\n<\/pre>\n
    Sample Output<\/h5>\n
    Using metadata from Wed May 20 12:44:59 2015\r\nNo match for available package: acpid-2.0.19-5.el7.x86_64\r\nError: Nothing to do.\r\n<\/pre>\n
    My observation<\/strong>: DNF does not downgraded the package as it is supposed to. It has also been reported as bug.<\/p>\n
    Conclusion<\/h3>\n
    DNF<\/strong>\u00a0is the upper state of the end of the art Package Manager YUM. It tends to do a lot of processing automatically which is not going to be praised by many experienced Linux System Administrator, as I believe. As a matter of example:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. --skip-broken<\/code>\u00a0is not recognized by DNF and there is no alternative.<\/li>\n
    2. There is nothing like \u2018resolvedep<\/strong>\u2018 command however you may run dnf provides.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. There is no \u2018deplist<\/strong>\u2018 command to find package dependency.<\/li>\n
      2. You exclude a repo, means the exclusion apply on all operations, unlike yum which excludes those repos only at the time of install and updates, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        Several Linux users are not happy the way Linux Ecosystem is moving. First\u00a0Systemd removed init system v<\/a>\u00a0and now DNF will be replacing YUM sooner in\u00a0Fedora 22<\/strong>\u00a0and later in RHEL and CentOS.<\/p>\n
        What do you think? are distributions and the whole Linux ecosystem is not valuing it\u2019s users and moving against their will. Also it is often said in IT industry \u2013 \u201cWhy fix, If not broken?<\/strong>\u201d, and neither init System V is broken nor YUM.<\/p>\n
        That\u2019s all for now. Please let me know your valuable thoughts in the comments below. Like and share us and help us get spread.<\/p>\n
        Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        DNF\u00a0aka\u00a0Dandified YUM\u00a0is a next generation Package Manager for\u00a0RPM\u00a0based Distribution. It was first introduced in Fedora 18 and it has replaced\u00a0YUM utility\u00a0in recent release of\u00a0Fedora 22. DNF\u00a0aims at improving the bottlenecks of\u00a0YUM\u00a0viz., Performance, Memory Usages, Dependency Resolution, Speed and lots of other factors. DNF does Package Management using RPM, libsolv and hawkey library. Though it does … <\/p>\n
        Continue reading “27 \u2018DNF\u2019 (Fork of Yum) Commands for RPM Package Management in Linux”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12115"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12116,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12115\/revisions\/12116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appservgrid.com\/paw92\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}