Linux Blimp

In this article we will show you how to install Invoice Ninja on an Ubuntu 16.04 server. InvoiceNinja is a free and open source software application written in PHP used for invoicing, billing customers and time tracking management system.

Requirements

In order to run Invoice Ninja on your Ubuntu 16.04 VPS, we need the following requirements met:

• Apache Web Server >= 2.0 compiled with mod_rewrite module, or Nginx
• MySQL 5.5 or later is recommended, or MariaDB installed on your Linux virtual server.
• PHP 7.0 or higher with the mcrypt, mbstring, xml, curl, gd, json and mysql PHP extensions enabled.
• Full SSH root access or a user with sudo privileges is also required

Step 1: Log in via SSH on the Ubuntu server:

Log in to the VPS via SSH as user root

ssh roo@IP_Address -p Port_number

Step 2: Update all packages

Once you are logged, run the following command to make sure that all installed OS packages are up to date:

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Step 3: Install Apache, MySQL (MariaDB) and PHP 7

Install Apache, MySQL (or MariaDB) and PHP 7 on your server using the following command:

apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-php mysql-server php7.0-cli php7.0-common php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-mysql php7.0-xml php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-mbstring php7.0-json

Enable the Apache mod_rewrite module:

sudo a2enmod rewrite

Restart the Apache web server for the changes to take effect:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Step 4: Create a MySQL database for Invoice Ninja

Log into MySQL console with the root account:

mysql -u root -p

Now we will create a MySQL database for Invoice Ninja using the following query:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE invoiceninja;

Then, execute the following query to add a separate user for Invoice Ninja that will interact with the database:

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON invoiceninja.* to ‘invoiceninja’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘5tr0ng_Pa55w0rd’;

Do not forget to replace ‘5tr0ng_Pa55w0rd’ with an actual strong password.

Execute the following command to apply the privileges we set:

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Now we can exit the MySQL session:

mysql> quit

Step 5: Install Invoice Ninja

Download the latest stable version of Invoice Ninja in the /opt directory on your server and extract it in the /var/www/html/ directory:

cd /opt
wget https://download.invoiceninja.com/ -O invoice-ninja.zip
unzip invoice-ninja.zip -d /var/www/html/

Set the appropriate file permissions and ownership (www-data is the user of the Apache web server):

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ninja/

Step 6: Configure Apache to serve Invoice Ninja

Now we will have to setup the Apache configuration so it can serve the Invoice Ninja directory, add the following contents below to the /etc/apache2/sites-available/invoice-ninja.conf file with nano or your favorite editor:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/invoice-ninja.conf

Add the following lines:

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
ServerName your-domain.com
ServerAlias www.your-domain.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/ninja/public/

<Directory /var/www/html/ninja/public>
Options +FollowSymlinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/ninja-error_log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/ninja-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

Enable the Apache Invoice Ninja configuration:

sudo a2ensite invoice-ninja.conf

Remove the default Apache configuration file:

rm /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

Now restart the Apache web server:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Open your favorite web browser and type in the following URL to access the Invoice Ninja web interface and start the setup:

http://your-domain.com/

From here you can finish the setup by entering the following information:

Database Connection

Driver: MySQL

Database: invoiceninja

Username: invoiceninja

Password: enter the MySQL password for the invoiceninja MySQL user.

Email Settings

From Name: Enter your name

From Address: use an email address on your server

Username: enter the username of your email account

Host: enter your domain name

Port: 587

Encryption: TLS

Password: enter your email account password

Then, create a new administrator account: enter your first name, last name, email address and password in the User details section.

Once you created a new administrator account, log in at http://your-domain.com/login.

 

Congratulations! Invoice Ninja has been successfully installed on your server. You can now start using Invoice Ninja and customize it according to your needs.

If you are one of our Ubuntu Cloud Hosting clients, you can let our system administrators to install Invoice Ninja on your Ubuntu 16.04 server. They are super responsive and available 24/7.

Be the first to write a comment.

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WebP is a new image format that provides a lossless and lossy compression on PNG and JPEG file types. It was developed by Google resulting in up to 80% smaller image size. It is supported on all most all modern browser versions. You can use Nginx and Apache to determine if this format is supported by the browser Agent then server the image in a new format instead of the original image. This file format also supports animated images which can also result in large reductions in image sizes. Converting to a smaller size file will improve load times and SEO scores and improve the end user experience of viewing your site. This guide is a tutorial to convert images to this format via command line utilities on a Linux server.

Install WebP Tools

Change to the src directory to download the packages:

cd /usr/src

You can retrieve the packages from Googles repository. We are going to get the x86 64 bit linux packages in this example

wget https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp/libwebp-0.6.0-rc3-linux-x86-64.tar.gz

Untar the files

tar xfvz libwebp-0.6.0-rc3-linux-x86-64.tar.gz

Go in to the directory:

cd libwebp-0.6.0-rc3-linux-x86-64

This will provide the following binaries in the bin directory

cwebp – WebP encoder tool
dwebp – WebP decoder tool
vwebp – WebP file viewer
webpmux – WebP muxing tool
gif2webp – Tool for converting GIF images to WebP

Convert Images to WebP

First you will want to export the bin directory to your path:

PATH=$PATH:”/usr/src/libwebp-0.6.0-rc3-linux-x86-64/bin”

Then export the PATH variable:

export PATH

Now if you type cwebp it should work as a valid command

# cwebp
Usage:

cwebp [options] -q quality input.png -o output.webp

where quality is between 0 (poor) to 100 (very good).
Typical value is around 80.

Try -longhelp for an exhaustive list of advanced options.

Now you can convert images to webp formatting using the cwebp command:

cwebp [options] -q quality input.jpg -o output.webp

The quality can be between 0 (poor) and 100 (very good). You will need to determine the quality you are looking for, the lower the quality the more reduction in size you will also achieve. You will want to replace intput.jpg with the input file and output.webp with the output file.

Once you have converted your images you will also need to detect browser compatibility to server the appropriate image as not all browsers support the WebP format for images at this time. We will be covering how to do this selection in later guides based on individual web server packages.

Sep 18, 2017LinuxAdmin.io

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We’re going to use Puppet to install and configure a Zabbix server. We will also allow active Zabbix agent auto-registration.

This article is part of the Homelab Project with KVM, Katello and Puppet series.

Homelab

We have a CentOS 7 VM installed which we want to configure as a Zabbix server:

monitoring.hl.local (10.11.1.13) – Zabbix server with agent auto-registration

SELinux set to enforcing mode.

See the image below to identify the homelab part this article applies to.

Zabbix LTS and PHP

We want to use a stable Zabbix LTS release, which is Zabbix 3.0 at the time of writing.

Note that Zabbix 3.0 LTS release supports PHP 5.4 or later, however PHP v7 is not supported yet. For more info, see Zabbix documentation.

Also note that PHP 5.6 will receive security support until 31 December 2018. For more info, see PHP supported versions. We will therefore use Remi’s PHP 5.6 repository served by Katello (we configured it here).

Configuration with Puppet

Puppet master runs on the Katello server.

Puppet Modules

We use puppet-zabbix Puppet module to configure the server. We also use puppetlabs-apache and puppetlabs-mysql to configure frontend and backend services.

Please see each module’s documentation for features supported and configuration options available.

Manage Firewall

We start with firewall configuration:

firewall { ‘007 allow Zabbix active checks’:
dport => [10051],
source => ‘10.11.1.0/24’,
proto => tcp,
action => accept,
}->
firewall { ‘008 allow Zabbix WebUI’:
dport => [80, 443],
source => ‘10.11.1.0/24’,
proto => tcp,
action => accept,
}

Install Apache

We use Apache to run Zabbix frontend, and MySQL as Zabbix backend database.

Do a minimal Apache install only, but make sure that a PHP module is loaded:

class { ‘apache’:
default_vhost => false,
default_ssl_vhost => false,
default_mods => false,
mpm_module => ‘prefork’,
server_signature => ‘Off’,
server_tokens => ‘Prod’,
trace_enable => ‘Off’,
}
include apache::mod::php

Install MySQL

MySQL 5.7 repository is served by Katello (we configured it here).

class { ‘mysql::server’:
package_name => ‘mysql-community-server’,
service_name => ‘mysqld’,
root_password => ‘PleaseChangeMe’,
create_root_my_cnf => true,
manage_config_file => true,
config_file => ‘/etc/my.cnf’,
purge_conf_dir => true,
restart => true,
override_options => {
mysqld => {
bind-address => ‘127.0.0.1’,
datadir => ‘/var/lib/mysql’,
log-error => ‘/var/log/mysqld.log’,
pid-file => ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid’,
wait_timeout => ‘3600’,
interactive_timeout => ‘3600’,
},
mysqld_safe => {
log-error => ‘/var/log/mysqld.log’,
},
},
remove_default_accounts => true,
}

Install Zabbix Server

Zabbix 3.0 repository is served by Katello. Since this is the case, we set manage_repo to false.

class { ‘zabbix’:
zabbix_version => ‘3.0’,
zabbix_url => ‘monitoring.hl.local’,
database_type => ‘mysql’,
manage_repo => false,
manage_firewall => true,
manage_vhost => true,
apache_use_ssl => true,
}

If all goes well, at this point Zabbix should be up and running.

Configure Active Agent Auto-Registration

This part should be configured after the server has been created.

It is possible to allow active Zabbix agent auto-registration, after which the server can start monitoring them. This way new hosts can be added for monitoring without configuring them manually on the server.

When installed succesfully, Zabbix web interface will be accessibe and we can log in with the default credentials:

1. Username: Admin
2. Password: zabbix

In the Zabbix frontend, go to Configuration > Actions, select Auto registration as the event source and click on Create action. Use something like this:

1. Name: Linux host autoregistration
2. Conditions: none
3. Operations: Link to templates: Template OS Linux

See the image below for more info.

We don’t use any conditions here as it’s optional and not really necessary for the homelab, however, we could use HostMetadataItem=system.uname if we wanted to separate say Linux servers from Windows.

Install Zabbix Agents on All Servers

By now we should have our Zabbix server running with agent auto-registration enabled. One thing that is still left to do is to configure Puppet to install a Zabbix agent on all homelab servers, and allow Zabbix passive checks.

This needs to go in to the main environment manifest file /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/homelab/manifests/site.pp so that configuration is applied to all servers.

class { ‘zabbix::agent’:
zabbix_version => ‘3.0’,
## Do not use DNS, use IP address.
server => ‘10.11.1.13’,
## Do not set logtype to ‘system’ unless you want
## to find yourself debugging SELinux problems.
logtype => ‘file’,
logfile => ‘/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log’,
## Use Katello repository
manage_repo => false,
manage_firewall => false,
manage_selinux => true,
## Zabbix Agent does not work well with SELinux
## See: https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-12592
selinux_require => [
‘type kernel_t’,
‘type devlog_t’,
‘type zabbix_agent_t’,
‘class sock_file write’,
‘class process setrlimit’,
‘class unix_dgram_socket ‘,
],
selinux_rules => { ‘zabbix_agent_t’ => [
‘allow zabbix_agent_t kernel_t:unix_dgram_socket sendto’,
‘allow zabbix_agent_t self:process setrlimit’,
‘allow zabbix_agent_t self:unix_dgram_socket { connect create }’,
]
},
## Allow active Zabbix agent auto-registration,
## after which the server can start monitoring them.
serveractive => ‘monitoring.hl.local’,
hostmetadata => ‘system.uname’,
}

Configure firewall on all servers to allow Zabbix passive checks:

firewall { ‘006 allow Zabbix passive checks’:
proto => ‘tcp’,
source => ‘monitoring.hl.local’,
dport => ‘10050’,
action => ‘accept’,
}

The end result should be similar to this:

All agents auto-register with the server.

Source

 

Choose a team of 3 characters from the Sonic games and work your way through fast levels full of jumps, traps and enemies. Switch between your characters abilities to eliminate enemies and finish the level. Each level can be completed in different ways and then at the end is a boss fight.

Follow my step-by-step guide on installing, configuring and optimizing Sonic Heroes in Linux with PlayOnLinux.

Note: This guide applies to the Retail CD ROM version of Sonic Heroes. Other versions may require additional steps.Tips & Specs:
To learn more about PlayOnLinux and Wine configuration, see the online manual: PlayOnLinux Explained

Mint 18.3 64-bit

PlayOnLinux: 4.2.12
Wine: 3.0

Wine Installation
Click Tools

Select “Manage Wine Versions”

Look for the Wine Version: 3.0

Select it
Click the arrow pointing to the right

Click Next

Downloading Wine

Extracting

Downloading Gecko

Installed

Wine 3.0 is installed and you can close this window

Copy Disk Data

1. Enter Disk 1 of 2
2. Create a folder on your Desktop
3. Copy all of the files from Disk 1
4. Paste the files in your new folder
5. Eject Disk 1 (right-Click, select Eject)
6. Enter Disk 2 and repeat
7. Over-write any existing files

Note: Keep Disk 2 in the CD/DVD ROM drivePlayOnLinux Setup
Launch PlayOnLinux

Click Install

Click “Install a non-listed program”

Select “Install a program in a new virtual drive”

Click Next

Name the virtual drive: sonicheroes

Click Next

Check all three options:

 

• Use another version of Wine
• Configure Wine
• Install some libraries

Click Next

Select Wine: 3.0

Click Next

Select “32 bits windows installation”

Click Next

Wine ConfigurationApplications Tab
Windows version: Windows XP

Click Apply

Drives Tab
Select Drive D:

Click Remove
Click Add

Select D:

Click OK

Navigate to your Desktop folder

 

Code:

/home/username/Desktop/sonicheroes
Click OK

Type: CD-ROM

Click Apply

Graphics Tab
Check “Automatically capture the mouse in full-screen windows”

Click OK

PlayOnLinux Packages (DLLs, Libraries, Components)

Check the following:

 

• POL_Install_corefonts
• POL_Install_d3dx9
• POL_Install_tahoma

Click Next

Note: All packages should automatically download and install
Click Browse

Navigate to the folder on your Desktop

Select “setup.exe”
Click Open

Click Next again…

Check “Agree”

Click Next

Check “Full”

Click Next

Click “Start Installation”

Disk Warning

Click Browse

Select [-D-]

Click OK

Click OK

If the installer still doesn’t continue, Cancel and start over
Make sure Disk 1 is properly unmounted and Disk 2 is in the drive
Re-do the Drives Tab steps in Wine Configuration
It took me a few tries to get this right and the installer would complete

PlayOnLinux Shortcut
Select “Launcher.exe”

Click Next

Name the shortcut: Sonic Heroes

Click Next

Select “I don’t want to make another shortcut”

Click Next

PlayOnLinux Configure
Select “Sonic Heroes”

Click Configure

General Tab
Wine version: 3.0

Note: Click the down-arrow to select other versions of Wine. Click the + to download other versions of WineDisplay Tab
Video memory size: Enter the amount of memory your video card/chip uses

Close Configure

Launch Sonic Heroes (Launcher)

Click Run

Note: Click debug to see bugs and errors
Click Options

Screen Setting Tab

Adjust:

• Window Mode
• Fullscreen
• Resolution
• Fog
• Anisotropic Filter
• Shadow Setting
• Free Camera
• Clipping
• Frame Rate

Click Select

Click “Play game”

Conclusion:
Unfortunately the highest resolution Sonic Heroes can run at is 1280×960. No widescreen support, so you will either have to run it windowed or change your Linux Desktop resolution to match before launching Sonic Heroes. Once the game is running, everything performs perfectly. I was able to play on my keyboard and my old Logitech controller.

Gameplay Video:

Screenshots:

Source

Posted On: Oct 16, 2018

Today, Amazon Lightsail announces the addition of managed databases to its easy-to-use cloud platform, allowing you to create a fully configured database in minutes for a low, predictable price. Lightsail databases bundle together a database instance, SSD-backed storage, a data transfer allocation, and management tools, starting at $15/month.

With Lightsail databases, you can scale your databases independently of your virtual servers, improve the availability of your applications, or easily run standalone databases in the cloud. You can now more easily deploy multi-tiered applications entirely within the Lightsail experience by combining Lightsail load balancers, virtual servers, and managed databases.

As a fully managed service, Lightsail automatically performs common maintenance tasks, like patching the underlying database infrastructure and operating system, and upgrading databases between minor versions. Lightsail also helps you keep your data secure by providing data encryption and protecting connection information with integrated password management.

With Lightsail, you benefit from free automated backups and point-in-time restores, and you can access metrics and database logs anytime through the Lightsail console. You can also further improve the redundancy and availability of your applications by using High Availability plans and on-demand database snapshots.

Lightsail databases support MySQL (PostgreSQL coming soon) in all regions where Lightsail is available. You can create Lightsail databases using the Lightsail console and the Lightsail CLI/SDK.

For more information on Amazon Lightsail and managed databases, visit the AWS Blog.

Source

Debian 8.8 XFCE Desktop Installation on Oracle VirtualBox

This video tutorial shows

Debian 8.8 XFCE Desktop installation

on Oracle

VirtualBox

step by step. This tutorial is also helpful to install Debian 8.8 on physical computer or laptop hardware. We also install

Guest Additions

on Debian 8.8 XFCE Desktop for better performance and usability features: Automatic Resizing Guest Display, Shared Folder, Seamless Mode and Shared Clipboard, Improved Performance and Drag and Drop.

Debian GNU/Linux 8.8 Xfce Desktop Installation Steps:

1. Create Virtual Machine on Oracle VirtualBox
2. Start Debian 8.8 XFCE Desktop Installation
3. Install Guest Additions
4. Test Guest Additions Features: Automatic Resizing Guest Display and Shared Clipboard

Installing Debian 8.8 Xfce Desktop on Oracle VirtualBox

 

Debian 8.8 New Features and Improvements

Debian 8.8

mainly adds corrections for security problems to the stable release, along with a few adjustments for serious problems. Security advisories were already published separately and are referenced where available. Those who frequently install updates from security.debian.org won’t have to update many packages and most updates from security.debian.org are included in this update.

Debian GNU/Linux 8.8

is not a new version of Debian. It’s just a Debian 8 image with the latest updates of some of the packages. So, if you’re running a Debian 8 installation with all the latest updates installed, you don’t need to do anything.

Debian Website:

https://www.debian.org/

What is Xfce Desktop Environment?

Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment for UNIX-like operating systems. It aims to be fast and low on system resources, while still being visually appealing and user friendly. It includes a window manager, a file manager, desktop and panel.

Xfce Desktop Website:

https://www.xfce.org/

Hope you found this Debian GNU/Linux 8.8 XFCE Desktop installation on Oracle VirtualBox tutorial helpful and informative. Please consider sharing it. Your feedback and questions are welcome!

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Who’s Using Ubuntu Posted on September 1, 2018

Joe Collins

Joe Collins worked in radio and TV stations for over 20 years where he installed, maintained and programmed computer automation systems. Joe also worked for Gateway Computer for a short time as a Senior Technical Support Professional in the early 2000’s and has offered freelance home computer technical support and repair for over a decade. Joe is a fan of Ubuntu Linux and Open Source software and recently started offering Ubuntu installation and support for those just starting out with Linux through

EzeeLinux.com

. The goal of EzeeLinux is to make Linux easy and start them on the right foot so they can have the best experience possible. Joe lives in historic Portsmouth, VA in a hundred year old house with three cats, three kids and a network of computers built from scrounged parts, all happily running Linux.

(Last Updated On: September 1, 2018)

A look at who’s using Ubuntu and their hardware.

For more: https://blog.ubuntu.com/2018/06/22/a-first-look-at-desktop-metrics

Please be sure to give EzeeLinux a ‘Like’ on Facebook! Thanks! https://www.facebook.com/EzeeLinux
Check out http://www.ezeelinux.com and for more about Linux.

Joe Collins worked in radio and TV stations for over 20 years where he installed, maintained and programmed computer automation systems. Joe also worked for Gateway Computer for a short time as a Senior Technical Support Professional in the early 2000’s and has offered freelance home computer technical support and repair for over a decade.

Joe is a fan of Ubuntu Linux and Open Source software and recently started offering Ubuntu installation and support for those just starting out with Linux through EzeeLinux.com. The goal of EzeeLinux is to make Linux easy and start them on the right foot so they can have the best experience possible.

Joe lives in historic Portsmouth, VA in a hundred year old house with three cats, three kids and a network of computers built from scrounged parts, all happily running Linux.

Source

Unlike Windows, Ubuntu is much more sophisticated with various flavors to appeal to different types of users. Before discussing the different types of Ubuntu, let’s first discuss Ubuntu itself.

Ubuntu is an open-source OS, which contains a broad set of enterprise-grade software for configuration, development, management and other various services. It is an OS which is used across all platforms namely, the cloud, PCs, IoT devices and most importantly, the servers.

Now that we have a little understanding of Ubuntu, let’s discuss its different flavors. In layman’s terms – Ubuntu derivatives are OS projects which are built based on Ubuntu’s source code by Ubuntu enthusiasts. These flavors are all supported by Canonical, which is a company whose mission is to make open-source software available to the world in the most efficient way possible.

Every flavor of Ubuntu is unique, which includes the default one called Ubuntu GNOM and they offer a unique OS workflow to the user base.

We have chosen the five of the best flavors, in our opinion, to examine.

1. Ubuntu GNOM

Ubuntu GNOM is one of the most prominent flavor of Ubuntu and it runs the GNOM Desktop Environment. This flavor is a default release by Canonical and has a great user base which makes its more appealing.

This flavor provides great flexibility but comes at a cost; Ubuntu GNOM will not run smoothly on lower-end devices as it requires at least 4GB of RAM to work efficiently.

Ubuntu GNOM Desktop Overview

2. Lubuntu

This flavor of the Ubuntu is geared more towards capturing the interest of those users who are on the fence about leaving Windows as their primary OS. Lubuntu provides a very Windows-like experience while sticking to the roots of Linux-based OS.

Its environment is extremely simplistic and uses a lightweight LXDE Desktop Environment. Additionally, this flavor also does not require a high-end device like the Ubuntu GNOM and will run perfectly on most of the devices; it only requires 1GB of RAM for functioning properly.

Lubuntu Desktop

3. Kubuntu

Are you someone who’s more into the aesthetics of the OS? Well, then, Kubuntu is what you are looking for.

Commonly referred to as the KDE Ubuntu, this flavor has easily one of sleekest user-interface thanks to its integration with Plasma DE.

It is extremely customizable and very efficient for general purpose computing, requiring only 2GB of RAM to operate to its fullest potential.

Kubuntu has kept the essence of the Windows OS while remaining true to its roots; it has a start menu, taskbar, system tray etc. This helps all the users who are aiming to switch from Windows OS to Linux but are always hesitant. The modern version of Kubuntu provides an equally reliable and user-friendly environment which is an added bonus for the users.

Kubuntu Desktop

4. Ubuntu Studio

As the name would suggest, Ubuntu Studio provides an efficient workstation for graphics, photography, audio, publications and video creators. Often times, artists don’t find an OS which is optimized to meet their needs but Ubuntu Studio serves all their perfectly.

The Ubuntu Studio comes with Xfce DE and has a very muted default look but the users can easily customize that without any hassle.

Ubuntu Studio Desktop

5. Ubuntu Budgie

This flavor is rather new in the market. The Ubuntu Budgie has a beautiful and a modern take on Linux that will please everyone’s aesthetics. The learning curve of Budgie is fairly easy when compared with other flavors of Ubuntu; this calls for a special mention for the developers and designers who ensured a familiar look while improving things all around.

The goal of this flavor was to create an elegant and simple desktop interface. The Budgie also has a customizable factor which plays in its favor and it already has a list of included software which will get you working and browsing immediately.

Another neat feature that has been introduced in Budgie is the sidebar where applications can be quickly revealed and hidden. The sidebar holds applets and notifications and it can help you keep your desktop clutter-free.

Bonus Addition: Edubuntu

The Edubuntu flavor of the Ubuntu is designed for teaching, especially the children in schools, homes and in various communities. The purpose is to teach them about how to use computers. This flavor uses GNOM DE and comes with pre-installed education software.

Although this flavor was discontinued back in 2014 and its last release was 14.04.2.

Edubuntu Desktop

Here are our top picks for the top 5 flavors of Ubuntu; these flavors may not be targeted for the same demographic but they at least give you an idea as to how flexible Ubuntu really is as an OS.

Please, let us know what you think about the flavors and the operating system itself: @linuxhint.

Source

Linux containers are processes with certain isolation features provided by a Linux kernel — including filesystem, process, and network isolation. Containers help with portability — applications can be distributed in container images along with their dependencies, and run on virtually any Linux system with a container runtime.

Although container technologies exist for a very long time, Linux containers were widely popularized by Docker. The word “Docker” can refer to several different things, including the container technology and tooling, the community around that, or the Docker Inc. company. However, in this article, I’ll be using it to refer to the technology and the tooling that manages Linux containers.

What is Docker

Docker is a daemon that runs on your system as root, and manages running containers by leveraging features of the Linux kernel. Apart from running containers, it also makes it easy to manage container images — interacting with container registries, storing images, managing container versions, etc. It basically supports all the operations you need to run individual containers.

But even though Docker is very a handy tool for managing Linux containers, it has two drawbacks: it is a daemon that needs to run on your system, and it needs to run with root privileges which might have certain security implications. Both of those, however, are being addressed by Podman.

Introducing Podman

Podman is a container runtime providing a very similar features as Docker. And as already hinted, it doesn’t require any daemon to run on your system, and it can also run without root privileges. So let’s have a look at some examples of using Podman to run Linux containers.

Running containers with Podman

One of the simplest examples could be running a Fedora container, printing “Hello world!” in the command line:

$ podman run –rm -it fedora:28 echo “Hello world!”

Building an image using the common Dockerfile works the same way as it does with Docker:

$ cat Dockerfile
FROM fedora:28
RUN dnf -y install cowsay

$ podman build . -t hello-world
… output omitted …

$ podman run –rm -it hello-world cowsay “Hello!”

To build containers, Podman calls another tool called Buildah in the background. You can read a recent post about building container images with Buildah — not just using the typical Dockerfile.

Apart from building and running containers, Podman can also interact with container registries. To log in to a container registry, for example the widely used Docker Hub, run:

$ podman login docker.io

To push the image I just built, I just need to tag so it refers to the specific container registry and my personal namespace, and then simply push it.

$ podman -t hello-world docker.io/asamalik/hello-world
$ podman push docker.io/asamalik/hello-world

By the way, have you noticed how I run everything as a non-root user? Also, there is no big fat daemon running on my system!

Installing Podman

Podman is available by default on Silverblue — a new generation of Linux Workstation for container-based workflows. To install it on any Fedora release, simply run:

$ sudo dnf install podman

Adam Šamalík

Open source enthusiast and Fedora contributor. Design is not just how it looks like.

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CTI announced two carrier boards for the Nvidia’s AI/robotics focused Jetson AGX Xavier module: a compact Rogue carrier and a Mimic Adapter that plugs the Xavier into any CTI Jetson TX2/TX2i/TX1 carrier.

Connect Tech, Inc. (CTI) has released two new developer options for Nvidia’s octa-core Jetson AGX Xavier computer-on-module, which is already supported by Nvidia’s innovative, $1,299 Jetson Xavier Developer Kit. Like the official dev kit, CTI’s 105 x 92mm Rogue board is approximately the same size as the 105 x 87 x 16mm Xavier, making it easier to use for robotics applications.

Rogue carrier with Xavier module (equipped with fan)
(click images to enlarge)

 

CTI also launched a Jetson AGX Xavier Mimic Adapter board that mediates between the Xavier and any CTI carrier for the Jetson TX1, TX2, and the latest industrial-focused version of the TX2 called the

Jetson TX2i

. These include the

three TX2 boards

announced in early 2017: the Cogswell carrier with GigE Vision, the Spacely carrier designed for cam-intensive Pixhawk drones, and the tiny, $99 Sprocket. CTI’s Jetson TX1 boards include the original

Astro

, as well as its later

Orbitty and Elroy

.

Jetson AGX Xavier Mimic Adapter with Xavier and Elroy carrier (left) and exploded view
(click images to enlarge)

The Jetson Xavier “enables a giant leap forward in capabilities for autonomous machines and edge devices,” says CTI. Nvidia claims the Xavier has greater than 10x the energy efficiency and more than 20x the performance of its predecessor, the Jetson TX2. The module — and the new CTI carriers — are available with a BSP with Nvidia’s Linux4Tegra stack. Nvidia also offers an AI-focused Isaac SDK.

The Xavier features 8x ARMv8.2 cores and a high-end, 512-core Nvidia Volta GPU with 64 tensor cores with 2x Nvidia Deep Learning Accelerator (DLA) — also called NVDLA — engines. The module is also equipped with a 7-way VLIW vision chip, as well as 16GB 256-bit LPDDR4 RAM and 32GB eMMC 5.1.

Nvidia Drive AGX Xavier Developer Kit
(click image to enlarge)

 

Since the initial Xavier announcements, Nvidia has added AGX to the Jetson Xavier name. This is also applied to the automotive version, which was originally called the

Drive PX Pegasus

when it was announced in Nov. 2017. This Linux-driven development kit recently began shipping as part of the

Nvidia Drive AGX Xavier Developer Kit

, which supports a single Xavier module or else a Drive AGX Pegasus version with dual Xaviers and dual GPUs.

Rogue

CTI’s Rogue carrier board provides 2x GbE, 2x HDMI 1.4a, 3x USB 3.1, and a micro-USB OTG port. Other features include MIPI-CSI, deployable either as 6x x2 lanes or 4x x4 lanes, and expressed via a high-density camera connector breakout that mimics that of the official dev kit. CTI will offer a variety of rugged camera add-on expansion boards with options described as “up to 6x MIPI I-PEX, SerDes Inputs: GMSL or FPD-Link III, HDMI Inputs).”

Rogue, front and back
(click images to enlarge)

 

For storage, you get a microSD slot with UFS support, as well as 2x M.2 M-key slots that support NVMe modules. There’s also an M.2 E-key slot with PCIe and USB support that can load optional WiFi/BT modules.

Other features include 2x CAN 2.0b ports, 2x UARTs, 4-bit level-shifted, 3.3V GPIO, and single I2C and SPI headers. There’s a 9-19V DC input that uses a positive locking Molex Mini-Fit Jr header. You also get an RTC with battery connector and power, reset, and recovery buttons and headers.

Mimic Adapter

The Jetson AGX Xavier Mimic Adapter has the same 105 x 92mm dimensions as the Rogue, but is a simpler adapter board that connects the Xavier to existing CTI Jetson carriers. It provides an Ethernet PHY and regulates and distributes power from the carrier to the Xavier.

Mimic Adapter, front and back
(click images to enlarge)

 

The Mimic Adapter expresses a wide variety of interfaces detailed on the product page, including USB 3.0, PCIe x4, SATA, MIPI-CSI, HDMI/DP/eDP, CAN, and more. Unlike the Rogue, it’s listed with an operating range: an industrial -40 to 85°C.

Further information

The Rogue carrier and Mimic Adapter for the Nvidia AGX Xavier are available now with undisclosed pricing. More information may be found in Connect Tech, Inc.’s Xavier carrier announcement, as well as its Rogue and Mimic Adapter product pages.

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