Year: 2019

There mainly two reasons for scanning a computer hard disk: one is to examine it for filesystem inconsistencies or errors that can result from persistent system crashes, improper closure of critical system software and more significantly by destructive programs (such as malware, viruses etc).

And another is to analyze its physical condition, where we can check a hard disk for bad sectors resulting from physical damage on the disk surface or failed memory transistor.

Suggested Read: How to Repair and Defragment Linux Partitions

In this article, we will review a mix of GUI and terminal based disk scanning utilities for Linux.

In case you notice any unusual behavior from a computer hard disk or a particular partition, one of the first things you can always investigate is filesystem inconsistency or errors and there is no other better utility for performing this other than fsck.

1. fsck – Filesystem Consistency Check

fsck is a system utility used to check and optionally repair a Linux filesystem. It is a front-end for several filesystem checkers.

Warning: Try out fsck commands on test Linux servers only, unless you know what you’re doing..

Always unmount a partition first before you can run fsck on it.

$ sudo unmount /dev/sdc1
$ sudo fsck -Vt vfat /dev/sdc1

In the command below, the switch:

1. -t – specifies the filesystem type.
2. -V – enables verbose mode.

You can find detailed usage instructions in the fsck man page:

$ man fsck

Once you have performed filesystem inconsistency tests, you proceed to carry out physical condition assessments.

2. badblock

badblocks is a utility for scanning bad blocks or bad sectors in hard disks. Assuming you detect any bad blocks on your hard disk, you can use it together with fsck or e2fsck to instruct the kernel not to use the bad blocks.

For more information on how to check bad blocks using badblock utility, read: How to Check Bad Sectors or Bad Blocks on Hard Disk in Linux.

3. S.M.A.R.T System Utilities

S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) is a system built into nearly all modern ATA/SATA and SCSI/SAS hard disks as well as solid-state disks.

It collects in-depth information about a supported hard disk and you can get that data using the utilities below.

i. Smartctl

smartctl is one of the two utilities under the smartmontools package. It is a command line utility which controls and monitors the S.M.A.R.T system.

To install smartmontools package, run the applicable command below for your distro:

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools   #Debian/Ubuntu systems 
$ sudo yum install smartmontools       #RHEL/CentOS systems

The following is an example of a smartctl command for reporting hard disk partition health where the option -Hhelps to show the general partition health condition after a self-test:

$ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda6

Look through the smartctl man page for more usage guidelines:

$ man smartctl 

There is a GUI front-end for smartctl called gsmartcontrol which can be installed as follows:

$ sudo apt-get install gsmartcontrol  #Debian/Ubuntu systems 
$ sudo yum install gsmartcontrol       #RHEL/CentOS systems

ii. Gnome Disk Utility( or Disks)

Gnome disk utility offers a GUI for doing all the partition management related tasks such as creating, deleting, mounting partitions and beyond. It comes pre-installed in majority of mainstream Linux systems such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint and others.

To use it on Ubuntu, open the Dash and search for Disks, on Linux Mint, open Menu and search for Disks and on Fedora, click on Activities type Disks.

More importantly, it can as well provide S.M.A.R.T data and effect self-tests as in the following interface.

That’s it! In this article, we reviewed hard disk scanning utilities for Linux operating system. You can share with us any utilities/tools for the same purpose, that are not mentioned in the list above or ask any related questions all in the comments.

Source

A forum is a discussion platform where related ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged. You can setup a forum for your site or blog, where your team, customers, fans, patrons, audience, users, advocates, supporters, or friends can hold public or private discussions, as a whole or in smaller groups.

If you are planning to launch a forum, and you can’t build your own software from scratch, you can opt for any of the existing forum applications out there. Some forum applications allow you to setup only a single discussion site on a single installation, while others support multiple-forums for a single installation instance.

In this article, we will review 10 best open source forum software for Linux systems. By the end of this article, you will know exactly which open source forum software best suites your needs.

1. Discourse – Discussion Platform

Discourse is a free open source, simple, modern, incredibly powerful and feature-rich community discussion software.

Productivity on any operating system is without doubt one of the most important things that can make or break a platform however, execution is the key – if done right, enterprise adaptation would be shortly underway.

Linux today is most certainly an ultimate viable alternative to Windows – both in the general consumer and business market.

Read Also: Most Commonly Used Windows Applications for Linux

If you’re quite familiar with the fact that the ecosystem of any platform (i.e, the apps available to it) determines its success then you will know by now that Firefox OS and Sailfish likewise (which are alternative mobile platforms to Android and iOS) aren’t where they ought to be particularly because they lacked the extensive array of apps to attract users like their counterparts.

Productivity on Linux had terribly lacked in the past and adaptation was rather hard and impossible for most during it’s earlier days – fast forward two decades later and we have an abundant of apps tailored to the specific needs for Linuxers and extremely user-friendly operating systems for newcomers in the Linux world.

When we talk about productivity the first thing that comes to mind mostly is an office suite before anything else – and more specifically, Microsoft office or it’s immediate competitor, LibreOffice.

While we may have these two as the most popular, they are not necessarily the best and the former is not native to Linux.

We’ve made a comprehensive list of Office suites available for the Linux platform in this article totaling 16 – most of which are cross platform too – essentially making them alternatives to the Microsoft Office suite available on competing desktop platforms (Windows and OSX) out there and even the mobile ones.

1. LibreOffice

This office suite is essentially a fork of the used-to-be well-known Openoffice. It features support for most formats native to MS Office suite including doc, docs, xlsx etc., alongside many other open document standards.

Libreoffice is cross-platform and features a word processor – Writer, spreadsheets – Calc, Presentation – Impress and many others.

Asides its feature set, LibreOffice is also customizable with a varying number of icon sets available on its website and added functionalities as plugins.

For installation instructions visit: Install LibreOffice in Linux Systems

2. Apache OpenOffice

OpenOffice has quite a lot in common with LibreOffice given that they share the same underlying code. Development on OpenOffice has somewhat lagged behind LibreOffice particularly because of its slow development cycle which was one of the main reasons LibreOffice broke off from them back in the day, however, OpenOffice remains a viable alternative with many of the functions available in LibreOffice and many years of development work.

Also, OpenOffice is cross-platform with availability on Windows, OSX, and Linux.

For installation instructions visit: Install Apache OpenOffice in Linux Systems

3. Calligra Suite

Calligra is one of the oldest open-sourse Office suites that has been in active development for the well part of 15years and was formally known as KOffice.

It’s a Qt-based office solution built around the the KDE desktop environment but still available for other platforms.

Under Calligra is a host of suites for almost all forms of productivity work including the popular image manipulation software known as Krita.

1. Calligra Words – word processor
2. Calligra Sheets – spreadsheet
3. Calligra Stage – presentation
4. Calligra Author – used to make Epubs
5. Calligra Plan – project planner
6. Krita – paint
7. Calligra Flow (formerly Kivio) – flowchart designer
8. Karbon (formerly Karbon14) – vector graphics
9. Braindump – mind-mapping and notes application
10. Kexi – database manager

Visit Homepage: https://www.calligra.org/

4. WPS Office

WPS otherwise (writer presentation and spreadsheets), has quickly grown to become of the most-used productivity suites especially due to its modernized look and availability on the most used desktop platforms and mobile alike.

WPS used to be Kingsoft Office and was born in June 2013. The program’s code is proprietary and has the free and premium side of things with premium offerings that include, over 230 fonts, documents collaboration, advanced spreadsheets, documents encryption et ‘al.

However, the free versions of the mobile and desktop apps alike offer quite a lot for free including online templates and a modernized UI which is not something most of the office suites in this article can exactly boast of.

WPS is today featured as the default Office suite in many Linux-based distros such as Deepin OS.

The Kingsoft made office suite supports all MS Office formats and also features some proprietary formats of its own known one of which is .wps.

Visit Homepage: https://www.wps.com/

5. GNOME Office

This is yet another open-source office suite built around a desktop environment like Calligra above. If you haven’t guessed it by now, GNOME Office is built for the GNOME DE using GTK technologies.

It supports just as much formats as the above-mentioned suites with elements (some of which you already know) used across varying distributions around the world.

GNOME Office is however only available on the Linux platform and has the following list of softwares under its entirety.

1. AbiWord – word processing application
2. Gnumeric – spreadsheets application
3. Ease – presentation application
4. Inkscape – Drawing
5. Glom – database manager
6. GnuCash – financial manager
7. Evolution – Email manager and RSS viewer
8. Evince – PDF viewer
9. gLabels – label-maker
10. Dia – Diagram designer

Visit Homepage: https://wiki.gnome.org/GnomeOffice

6. Softmaker Office

Softmaker is a Microsoft Office compatible closed-source software also offering the free and premium side of things.

The former is rather referred to as Softmaker FreeOffice while the latter is just Softmaker – encompassing all the features and functionalities.

Like LibreOffice and WPS, Softmaker is available on multiple platforms and the apps under the Office Suite includes the following.

1. Textmaker
2. PlanMaker spreadsheet
3. SoftMaker Presentations – presentations
4. BasicMaker – VB programming tool ( Windows only)
5. eM Client – email-client (professional only)

Visit Homepage: http://www.softmaker.com/en/softmaker-office-linux

7. Oxygen Office

This is essentially a continuity of the “OpenOffice.org Premium” of back in the day in a free package with all the essentials supported by the Apache Office and LibreOffice with noteworthy differences in the maneuverability of the GUI and it’s enhanced code-base.

It supports all the norm including word creation, spreadsheets, and more with a few nifty extras like an antivirus software (for those on the Windows platform) – Avast Home Edition specifically, a diagram creator and also a calculator.

8. Yozo Office

This is one of the fewer-known Office suites that also offer a wide array of features including support for most Microsoft Office formats. Its components include a word processing engine, spreadsheets, PDF viewer, and presentation.

Yozo is however, proprietary but free and cross platform. But if you want even more features, then you you’ll have to go for the premium bundle which is quite hefty in pricing. Yozo also features its own custom file format ending in .eio

13. EuroOffice

EuroOffice is another open-source application with aims to further enhance the office experience by combining the best of OpenOffice and LibreOffice for more interoperability and extensibility.

There is both a free and professional version however, and includes most if not all of the features that can be found on the office suites that it has its base and even more – specific to the professional version (which is closed) which include additional spell checkers and tools.

14. ThinkFree Office

ThinkFree is yet another proprietary Office suite of applications that aim to look, feel and deliver like Microsoft’s Office. It is written in Java and Ajax and is as well cross-platform and features apps like:

1. Write – word-processor
2. Calc – spreadsheet
3. Show – presentation
4. Note – blog editor
5. WYSIWYG – HTML editor

It’s a premium office suite and has no free version but a trial that last for thirty days after which you’ll need to shell out some cash for the full experience.

15. Hancom Office

Hancom is a closed-source office suite popular in the Asia (especially South Korea) and also cross- platform. The suite features support for the most-used Microsoft formats and also happens to be the preferred office application for most Koreans.

It has been pre-installed on quite a number of Android-powered Samsung devices in the past and it’s also one of the more intuitive options that is also available in multiple languages.

16. Office 365

If you haven’t guessed it by now, this is Microsoft’s own answer to “Office in the Cloud”. The service is basically a stripped down version of the full MS Office suite available locally as it lacks of many of the advanced features.

You are therefore limited to its basic functionality that will give you a rather sub-par experience. You can however enjoy seamless integration with Onedrive and other features like online collaboration and more.

Conclusion

Here is our comprehensive list, Did we miss anything? Let us know in the comments section down below.

Source

SMPlayer is an open source and free cross platform multi media player for Linux and Windows was released under the GPL license.

It’s playback engine was designed using award winning MPlayer as it capable of playing almost all audio and video formats like avi, mkv, wmv, mp4, mpeg etc. It uses own codecs, so you don’t need to download and install additional codecs.

The most interesting features of SMPlayer is it stores all the settings of recently played files. Let’s say you suppose to watch the movie but you have to leave… don’t worry, when you open that movie, it will start playing at the same point where you left it with same volume, audio track, subtitles and so on.

Suggested Read: 10 Best Open Source Video Players For Linux in 2015

SMPlayer Features

1. Complete preferences dialog to change colors, key shortcuts and fonts of the subtitles, and many more.
2. Supports Multiple speed playback. You can play video at 2X, 4X and even in slow motion.
3. Delay adjustments for Audio and Video subtitles and allows you to sync audio and subtitles.
4. Provided search function to search and download subtitles from opensubtitles.org.
5. Included YouTube browser to download and play videos online.
6. Currently supports more than 30 languages, including Italian, Spanish, French, Russian, German, Chinese, Japanese.
7. Options to change style and icon set of the interface.

SMPlayer, the popular mplayer/mplayer2 GUI, has reached version 16.8 with playlist support, options to load playlist from interent and other changes.

What’s new in SMPlayer 16.8

1. Support for 2 in 1 computers with touch screens
2. Support for dual-screen sharing, means play video from an external screen
3. Support for high DPI screens
4. Global shortcuts
5. Settings are remembered for online streams too

The complete change log and feature set of SMPlayer 16.8 can be found at http://smplayer.sourceforge.net/.

Installation of SMPlayer Media Player in Linux

To install SMPlayer on Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint systems, run these following commands from terminal.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rvm/smplayer 
$ sudo apt-get update 
$ sudo apt-get install smplayer smplayer-themes smplayer-skins

On Fedora 22-24, open a terminal and run these commands:

On Fedora 24

# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/smplayerdev/Fedora_24/home:smplayerdev.repo
# dnf install smplayer

On Fedora 23

# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/smplayerdev/Fedora_23/home:smplayerdev.repo
# dnf install smplayer

On Fedora 22

# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/smplayerdev/Fedora_22/home:smplayerdev.repo
# dnf install smplayer

Starting SMPlayer

Start the SMPlayer by executing following command on the terminal.

$ smplayer

SMPlayer Screenshot Tour

For other distributions packages, go to the SMPlayer download section.

Source

Some may describe it as their passion, while some may consider it as their stress reliever, some may consider it as a part of their daily life but in every form listening to music has become an undetachable part of our lives. Music plays different roles in our lives.

Sometimes it makes us enjoy with enthusiasm, sometimes it makes us feel pleasant and good, sometimes it makes us remember someone or some feel good moments of our past. Listening to music has sustained generations, but the medium has changed.

 10 Best Open Source Video Players For Linux in 2015

Earlier people relied on radio’s to listen music, while present generation has ipods, smartphones, PC and other gadgets to listen to music. Coming to PC’s we have dedicated software’s called Music Players to play our choice of song or playlist for us.

While most generation has smartphones, ipods to listen to music, these Software’s are also common source to listen to music which suits the mood for people who spent hours working on PC’s and Laptop’s and find it convenient to listen using their daily friend.

Thus, even Music Players form an important medium for countless crowd comprising students, professionals and other citizens.

Music Players and Linux

Growth of Linux as an accepted Operating System in Market was not so much few decades back, but flourishment of this Open Source Industry in IT Market from past few years has opened tremendous opportunities for a huge crowd of professionals who wanted to contribute to this industry with their work.

One such opportunity struck in very late twentieth century with need for Music Player on Linux. Since then many Music Players have been added to various Linux distributions, some as default and some as externally downloadable. Many companies, professionals have made such Music Players and have added to the repository.

Main aim for any Music Player is to support all the file formats of audio files which are supported by Windows as well as Linux and additionally support online music streaming which is trending now a days.

21 Best Music Players on Linux Till Date

Below we list some of the best Music Players created on Linux till date. A Music Player can be characterized as best after considering following features: formats supported, memory consumption, online or offline streaming of music or both, user interface design, feature-set.

Some of the music players highlighted below guarantee all the above factors while some guarantee only some factors which is the main criteria for ranking them.

1. Amarok

Amarok is a cross-platform open source software written in C++ (Qt) and released under GNU Public License.

Originally started by Mark Kretschmann as an effort to improve xmms , this software was initially named as amaroK after name of wolf and later changed to Amarok.

It can play media files in various formats but not limited to: FLAC, Ogg, Mp3, AAC, Musepack etc. Apart from playing offline collection, it can stream online music integrating with various online services like: Magnatune, Jamendo, MP3tunes, Last.fm and Shoutcast.

Amarok provides apart from basic services, few advanced features like: fetching, transferring music to or from digital music players, moodbar support, and dynamic playlist support etc.

Install Amarok

Amarok can be easily installed by using apt-get or yum package manager as shown:

# apt-get install amarok	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install amarok		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install amarok		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

2. Clementine

Released in February 2010, Clementine is also a cross-platform software which aimed to solve criticism of many people against the transition of Amarok from version 1.4 to 2.

It is a port of Amarok version 1.4 to Qt4 and Gstreamer multimedia framework. It is also written in C++ (Qt) framework released under GNU General Public License.

With features almost same as of Amarok, it provides few extra functionalities like: Remote Control using Android device, Wii Remote, MPRIS or command-line interface.

Install Clementine

Clementine can be easily installed by using apt-get or yum package manager as shown:

# apt-get install clementine	        [On Debian based systems] 
# yum install clementine		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install clementine		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

3. Tomahawk

Tomahawk is cross-platform open source music player released in March 2011. It is also written entirely in C++ (Qt) and released under GNU General Public License.

Tomahawk is a light-weight software and focuses on aggregation of music from all the sources including local, network and streaming services. Talking of UI, it has iTunes like interface.

Also, it provides access to various music services like: Spotify, Youtube, Jamendo, Grooveshark etc through various externally downloadable plug-ins. Like above music players, it also offers a basic feature-set.

Install Tomahawk

# apt-get install tomahawk	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install tomahawk		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install tomahawk		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

------------------ On Debian based Systems ------------------
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnumdk/lollypop
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install lollypop

# yum install lollypop		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install lollypop		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install qualung	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install qualung		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install qualung		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install quodlibet	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install quodlibet		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install quodlibet		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

------------------ On Debian based Systems ------------------ 
$ sudo apt-add-repository -y "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" 
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys D2C19886 
$ sudo apt-get update -qq 
$ sudo apt-get install spotify-client

------------------ On RedHat based Systems ------------------ 
# yum-config-manager --add-repo=http://negativo17.org/repos/epel-spotify.repo
# yum -y install spotify-client


------------------ On Fedora 22+ Systems ------------------ 
# dnf config-manager --add-repo=http://negativo17.org/repos/fedora-spotify.repo
# dnf -y install spotify-client

# apt-get install exaile	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install exaile		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install exaile		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install guayadeque	        [On Debian based systems] 
# yum install guayadeque		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install guayadeque		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install juk	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install juk		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install juk		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nuvola-player-builders/stable
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer

[tiliado-nuvolaplayer]
baseurl=https://tiliado.eu/nuvolaplayer/repository/rpm/<codename>/<arch>/<component>
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled_metadata=1

# rpm --import http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?search=0x40554B8FA5FE6F6A&op=get

# yum makecache fast
OR
# dnf makecache fast

# yum install nuvolaplayer			[On Fedora systems]
# dnf install nuvolaplayer			[On Fedora 22+ versions]

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nightingaleteam/nightingale-release
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nightingale

# apt-get install decibel-audio-player	        [On Debian based systems] 
# yum install decibel-audio-player		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install decibel-audio-player		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install mpd	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install mpd		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install mpd		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install audacious	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install audacious		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install audacious		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install rhythmbox	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install rhythmbox		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install rhythmbox		[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install deadbeef	[On Debian based systems] 
# yum install deadbeef		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install deadbeef   	[On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install moc	        [On Debian based systems] 
# yum install moc		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install moc   	        [On Fedora 22+ versions]

# apt-get install qmmp	        [On Debian based systems] 
# yum install qmmp		[On RedHat based systems]
# dnf install qmmp   	        [On Fedora 22+ versions]

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake libqt4-dev libtag1-dev libqjson-dev libphonon-dev libvlc-dev mpv
$ wget https://launchpad.net/yarock/1.x/1.1.4/+download/Yarock_1.1.4_source.tar.gz
$ cd Yarock_1.1.4_source/
$ mkdir build && cd build
$ cmake ..
$ make
$ sudo make install

PM2 is a free open source, advanced, efficient and cross-platform production-level process manager for Node.jswith a built-in load balancer. It works on Linux, MacOS as well as Windows. It supports app monitoring, efficient management of micro-services/processes, running apps in cluster mode, graceful start and shutdown of apps.

It keeps your apps “alive forever” with auto restarts and can be enabled to start at system boot, thus allowing for High Availability (HA) configurations or architectures.

Notably, PM2 allows you to run your apps in cluster mode without making any changes in your code (this also depends on the number of CPU cores on your server). It also allows you to easily manage app logs, and so much more.

In addition, it also has incredible support for major Node.js frameworks such as Express, Adonis Js, Sails, Hapiand more, without need for any code changes. PM2 is being used by companies such IBM, Microsoft, PayPal, and more.

In this article, we will explain how to install and use PM2 to run Nodejs apps in Linux production server. We will create an app for demonstrating some of PM2’s fundamental features for you to get started with it.

Step 1: Install Nodejs and NPM in Linux

1. To install most recent version of Node.js and NPM, first you need to enable official NodeSource repository under your Linux distribution and then install Node.js and NPM packages as shown.

On Debian/Ubuntu

---------- Install Node.js v11.x ---------- 
$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

---------- Install Node.js v10.x ----------
$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

On CentOS/RHEL and Fedora

---------- Install Node.js v11.x ---------- 
$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | bash -

---------- Install Node.js v10.x ----------
$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | bash -

Step 2: Create a Nodejs Application

2. Now, let’s create a testing application (we will assume it has a client and admin side which share the same database), the microservices will run on ports 3000, and 3001 respectively.

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/app
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/adminside
$ sudo vim /var/www/html/app/server.js
$ sudo vim /var/www/html/adminside/server.js

Next, copy and paste the following pieces of code in the server.js files (replace 192.168.43.31 with your server IP).

##mainapp code
const http = require('http');

const hostname = '192.168.43.31';
const port = 3000;

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
	res.statusCode = 200;
  	res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
  	res.end('This is the Main App!\n');
});

server.listen(port, hostname, () => {
  	console.log(`Server running at http://${hostname}:${port}/`);
});
##adminside code
const http = require('http');

const hostname = '192.168.43.31';
const port = 3001;

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
	res.statusCode = 200;
  	res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
  	res.end('This is the Admin Side!\n');
});

server.listen(port, hostname, () => {
  	console.log(`Server running at http://${hostname}:${port}/`);
});

Save the file and exit.

Step 3: Install PM2 Product Process Manager in Linux

3. The latest stable version of PM2 is available to install via NPM as shown.

$ sudo npm i -g pm2 

4. Once PM2 installed, you can start your node applications using following commands.

$ sudo node /var/www/html/app/server.js
$ sudo node /var/www/html/adminside/server.js

Note that, in a production environment, you should start them using PM2, as shown (you may not need sudo command if your app is stored in a location where a normal user has read and write permissions).

$ sudo pm2 start /var/www/html/app/server.js
$ sudo pm2 start /var/www/html/adminside/server.js

Step 4: How to Use and Manage PM2 in Linux

5. To start an application in cluster mode using the -i flag to specify the number of instances, for example.

$ sudo pm2 start /var/www/html/app/server.js -i 4 
$ sudo pm2 scale 0 8			#scale cluster app to 8 processes

6. To list all your node application (process/microservices), run the following command.

$ sudo pm2 list

7. To monitor logs, custom metrics, process information from all processes by running the following command.

$ sudo pm2 monit

8. To view details of a single Node process as shown, using the process ID or name.

$ sudo pm2 show 0

Step 5: How to Manage Node Apps Using PM2 in Linux

9. The following is a list of some common process (single or all) management commands you should take note of.

$ sudo pm2 stop all                  		#stop all apps
$ sudo pm2 stop 0                    		#stop process with ID 0
$ sudo pm2 restart all               		#restart all apps
$ sudo pm2 reset 0		         	#reset all counters
$ sudo pm2 delete all                		#kill and remove all apps
$ sudo pm2 delete 1                 		#kill and delete app with ID 1

10. To manage application logs, use the following commands.

$ sudo pm2 logs                      	#view logs for all processes 
$ sudo pm2 logs 1	         	#view logs for app 1
$ sudo pm2 logs --json               	#view logs for all processes in JSON format
$ sudo pm2 flush			#flush all logs

11. To manage the PM2 process, use the following commands.

$ sudo pm2 startup            #enable PM2 to start at system boot
$ sudo pm2 startup systemd    #or explicitly specify systemd as startup system 
$ sudo pm2 save               #save current process list on reboot
$ sudo pm2 unstartup          #disable PM2 from starting at system boot
$ sudo pm2 update	      #update PM2 package

Step 6: Access Node Apps From Web Browser

12. To access all your node application from a remote web browser, first you need to open following ports on your system firewall, to allow client connections to the apps as shown.

-------- Debian and Ubuntu -------- 
$ sudo ufw allow 3000/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 3001/tcp
$ sudo ufw reload

-------- RHEL and CentOS --------
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3000/tcp
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3001/tcp
# firewall-cmd --reload 

13. Then access your apps from a web browser with these URLs:

http://198.168.43.31:3000
http://198.168.43.31:3001 

Last but not least, PM2 is a simple, in-built module system to extend its core capabilities, some of the modules include pm2-logrotate, pm2-webshell, pm2-server-monit, and more – you can also create and use your own modules.

For more information, go to the PM2 GitHub repository: https://github.com/Unitech/PM2/.

That’s all! PM2 is an advanced, and efficient production-level process manager for Node.js with a built-in load balancer. In this article, we showed how to install and use PM2 to manage Nodejs apps in Linux. If you have any queries, send them to use via the comment form below.

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This tutorial will guide you on how to rescue, repair or reinstall a damaged Ubuntu machine which cannot be booted due to the fact that the Grub2 boot loader has been compromised and cannot load the boot loader which transfers the control further to the Linux kernel. In all modern Linux operating systems GRUB is the default boot loader.

This procedure has been successfully tested on an Ubuntu 16.04 server edition with the Grub boot loader damaged. However, this tutorial will only cover Ubuntu server GRUB rescue procedure, although the same procedure can be successfully applied on any Ubuntu system or on the majority of Debian-based distributions.

Requirements

1. 1. Download Ubuntu Server Edition DVS ISO Image

You try to boot your Ubuntu server machine and you see that the operating systems no longer starts-up and you discover that the boot loader program no longer works?

Typically, the GNU GRUB minimal console appears on your screen, as illustrated on the below screenshot. How can you restore the Grub in Ubuntu?

rescue/enable=true 

# ls /dev/sd* 

# grub-install /dev/sda

# exit

zzUpdate is a free, open source, simple, fully configurable, and easy to use command line utility to fully upgrade an Ubuntu system via apt package management system. It is a completely configfile-driven shell script that allows you to upgrade your Ubuntu PC or server hands-off and unwatched for almost the entire process.

It will upgrade your Ubuntu system to the next available release in case of a normal release. For Ubuntu LTS(Long Term Support) releases, it tries to search for the next LTS version only and not the latest Ubuntu version available.

In this article, we will explain how to install and run zzupdate tool to upgrade an Ubuntu system to latest available version from the command line.

How to Install zzUpdate Tool in Ubuntu

First make sure that your system has curl program installed, otherwise install it using the following command.

$ sudo apt install curl

Now install zzupdate on your Ubuntu system by running the following command. The below setup shell script will install git, which is required for cloning the zzupdate source tree and sets up the package on your system.

$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate/master/setup.sh | sudo sh

After you have successfully installed it, create your configuration file from the provided sample configuration file using the following command.

$ sudo cp /usr/local/turbolab.it/zzupdate/zzupdate.default.conf /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf

Next, set your preferences in the configuration file.

$ sudo nano /etc/turbolab.it/zzupdate.conf

The following are the default configuration variables (a value of 1 means yes and 0 means no) you will find in this file.

REBOOT=1
REBOOT_TIMEOUT=15
VERSION_UPGRADE=1
VERSION_UPGRADE_SILENT=0
COMPOSER_UPGRADE=1
SWITCH_PROMPT_TO_NORMAL=0

Before upgrading your Ubuntu system, you can check your current Ubuntu release using following command.

$ cat /etc/os-release

When you have configured zzupdate to work the way you wish, simply run it to fully upgrade your Ubuntu system with root user privileges. It will inform you of any actions performed.

$ sudo zzupdate 

Once you have launched it, zzupdate will self-update via git, updates available packages informations (asks you to disable third-party repositories), upgrades any packages where necessary, and checks for a new Ubuntu release.

If there is a new release, it will download the upgrade packages and install them, when the system upgrade is complete, it will prompt you to restart your system.

zzUpdate Github repository: https://github.com/TurboLabIt/zzupdate

That’s all! zzUpdate is a simple and fully configurable command line utility to fully update an Ubuntu system via apt package manager. In this guide, we have explained how to install and use zzupdate to upgrade an Ubuntu system from the command line. You can ask any questions via the feedback form below.

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Clementine is a freely available cross-platform open source Qt based music player inspired by Amarok 1.4. The latest stable version 1.3 was released (On April 15th, 2016) after a year of development and comes with Vk.com and Seafile support along with numerous other enhancements and bug fixes.

Using Clementine, you can listen to different online music services such as Soundcloud, Spotify, Icecast, Jamendo, Magnatune and even play your favorite music from Google Drive, Dropbox and OneDrive. Other online features include lyrics, artist biographies and view photos.

Read Also: 21 Best Music Players for Linux

Clementine Features

1. Search and play local music library
2. Listen online Radio from Spotify, Grooveshark, SomaFM, Magnatune, Jamendo, SKY.fm, Soundcloud, Icecast, etc.
3. Play songs from Dropbox, Google Drive, OneDrive, etc.
4. Sidebar information pane with songs, lyrics, artist biographies and pictures.
5. Create smart playlists and dynamic playlists.
6. Transfer music in iPod, iPhone or storage etc.
7. Search and download podcast.

If you want to know more about Clementine features and its Change log you can visit Clementine Website.

Install Clementine 1.3.0 in Linux

To install latest Clementine 1.3 version on Ubuntu 16.04, 15.10, 15.04, 14.10, 14.04 and Linux Mint 17.x and its derivatives, you can use official stable PPA (Personal Package Archives). To add PPA, press keys CTRL+ALT+Tto get command prompt and follow the instructions.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:me-davidsansome/clementine
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install clementine

New recent versions of Clementine require GStreamer 1.0 which wasn’t added in Ubuntu 12.04. If you get any errors during installation, you should add the GStreamer PPA as well:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gstreamer-developers/ppa

On Fedora 21-23, you can use official RPM packages to get Clementine 1.3 as shown:

On 32-bit Systems

----------- On Fedora 21 ----------- 
# dnf install https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/releases/download/1.3/clementine-1.3.0-1.fc21.i686.rpm

----------- On Fedora 22 ----------- 
# dnf install https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/releases/download/1.3/clementine-1.3.0-1.fc22.i686.rpm

----------- On Fedora 23 ----------- 
# dnf install https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/releases/download/1.3/clementine-1.3.0-1.fc23.i686.rpm

On 64-bit Systems

----------- On Fedora 21 ----------- 
# dnf install https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/releases/download/1.3/clementine-1.3.0-1.fc21.x86_64.rpm

----------- On Fedora 22 ----------- 
# dnf install https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/releases/download/1.3/clementine-1.3.0-1.fc22.x86_64.rpm

----------- On Fedora 23 ----------- 
# dnf install https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/releases/download/1.3/clementine-1.3.0-1.fc23.x86_64.rpm

For other distributions, Clementine binary and source code downloads are available from HERE.

Source

VLC (VideoLAN Client) is an open source highly portable Media Player that designed to run various video and audio media files, including mpeg, mpeg-2, mpeg-4, wmv, mp3, dvds, vcds, podcasts, ogg/vorbis, mov, divx, quicktime and streaming of multimedia files from various online networks like Youtube and other network sources.

Recently, VideoLan team announced the major release of VLC 3.0 with some new features, number of improvements and bug fixes.

VLC 3.0 Features

• VLC 3.0 “Vetinari” is a new major update of VLC
• Activates hardware decoding by default, to get 4K and 8K playback!
• It supports 10bits and HDR
• Supports 360 video and 3D audio, up to Ambisonics 3rd order
• Allows audio passthrough for HD audio codecs
• Stream to Chromecast devices, even in formats not supported natively
• Supports browsing of local network drives and NAS

Find out all the changes in VLC 3.0 in the release announcement page.

Suggested Read: Install VLC Media Player in RHEL/CentOS 7/6 and Fedora 27-22

Installing VLC Media Player in Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint

The recommended way of installing latest VLC 3.0 version on Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint using official VLC PPA repository.

Launch terminal by doing “Ctrl+Alt+T” from the desktop and add a VLC PPA to your system, by running following command.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily

Next, do an update of system local repository index.

$ sudo apt-get update

Once, you’ve done index update, let’s install VLC package.

$ sudo apt-get install vlc

Important: User’s who are using older versions of Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint, can also use above PPA to install/upgrade to latest VLC version, but the PPA only installs or upgrades to whichever latest VLC version available (latest VLC version offered by this PPA is 2.2.7).

So, if you’re looking for more latest version, then consider upgrading your distribution to latest version or use Snap package of VLC, which provides VLC 3.0 stable in snap packaging system as shown.

$ sudo apt install snapd
$ sudo snap install vlc

Suggested Read: 10 Best Open Source Video Players For Linux in 2015

VLC Screenshots

VLC also offers packages for RPM based and other Linux distributions, including source tarballs, that you can download and install them from THIS PAGE.

Source