Year: 2019

An easy-to-install, ready-to-run binary distribution of Apache, PosgreSQL, PHP, and Python/mod_python

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The speed and agility of open source projects benefit from lightweight and flexible governance. Their ability to run with such efficient governance is supported by the potential for project forking. That potential provides a discipline that encourages participants to find ways forward in the face of unanticipated problems, changed agendas, or other sources of disagreement among participants. The potential for forking is a benefit that is available in open source projects because all open source licenses provide needed permissions.

In contrast, standards development is typically constrained to remain in a particular forum. In other words, the ability to move the development of the standard elsewhere is not generally available as a disciplining governance force. Thus, forums for standards development typically require governance rules and procedures to maintain fairness among conflicting interests.

What do I mean by “forking a project”?

With the flourishing of distributed source control tools such as Git, forking is done routinely as a part of the development process. What I am referring to as project forking is more than that: If someone takes a copy of a project’s source code and creates a new center of development that is not expected to feed its work back into the original center of development, that is what I mean by forking the project.

Forking an open source project is possible because all open source licenses permit making a copy of the source code and permit those receiving copies to make and distribute their modifications.

It is the potential that matters

Participants in an open source project seek to avoid forking a project because forking divides resources: the people who were once all collaborating are now split into two groups.

However, the potential for forking is good. That potential presents a discipline that drives people to find a way forward that works for everyone. The possibility of forking—others going off and creating their own separate project—can be such a powerful force that informal governance can be remarkably effective. Rather than specific rules designed to foster decisions that consider all the interests, the possibility that others will take their efforts/resources elsewhere motivates participants to find common ground.

To be clear, the actual forking of a project is undesirable (and such forking of projects is not common). It is not the creation of the fork that is important. Rather, the potential for such a fork can have a disciplining effect on the behavior of participants—this force can be the underpinning of an open source project’s governance that is successful with less formality than might otherwise be expected.

The benefits of the potential for forking of an open source project can be appreciated by exploring the contrast with the development of industry standards.

Governance of standards development has different constraints

Forking is typically not possible in the development of industry standards. Adoption of industry standards can depend in part on the credibility of the organization that published the standard; while a standards organization that does not maintain its credibility over a long time may fail, that effect operates over too long of a time to help an individual standards-development activity. In most cases, it is not practical to move a standards-development activity to a different forum and achieve the desired industry impact. Also, the work products of standards activities are often licensed in ways that inhibit such a move.

Governance of development of an industry standard is important. For example, the development process for an industry standard should provide for consideration of relevant interests (both for the credibility of the resulting standard and for antitrust justification for what is typically collaboration among competitors). Thus, process is an important part of what a standards organization offers, and detailed governance rules are common. While those rules may appear as a drag on speed, they are there for a purpose.

Benefits of lightweight governance

Open source software development is faster and more agile than standards development. Lightweight, adaptable governance contributes to that speed. Without a need to set up complex governance rules, open source development can get going quickly, and more detailed governance can be developed later, as needed. If the initial shared interests fail to keep the project going satisfactorily, like-minded participants can copy the project and continue their work elsewhere.

On the other hand, development of a standard is generally a slower, more considered process. While people complain about the slowness of standards development, that slow speed flows from the need to follow protective process rules. If development of a standard cannot be moved to a different forum, you need to be careful that the required forum is adequately open and balanced in its operation.

Consider governance by a dictator. It can be very efficient. However, this benefit is accompanied by a high risk of abuse. There are a number of significant open source projects that have been led successfully by dictators. How does that work? The possibility of forking limits the potential for abuse by a dictator.

This important governance feature is not written down. Open source project governance documents do not list a right to fork the project. This potentiality exists because a project’s non-governance attributes allow the work to move and continue elsewhere: in particular, all open source licenses provide the rights to copy, modify, and distribute the code.

The role of forking in open source project governance is an example of a more general observation: Open source development can proceed productively and resiliently with very lightweight legal documents, generally just the open source licenses that apply to the code.

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MySQL is a Relational Database Management System, widely used as a database system for Linux systems. This article will help you to calculate the size of tables and database in MySQL or MariaDB servers though SQL queries. MySQL stored all the information related to tables in a database in the information_schema database. We will use the information_schema table to find tables and databases size.

How to find each data base size ? Check ALL Databases Size in MySQL using mysql query:

SELECT table_schema AS “Database”, SUM(data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024 AS “Size (MB)” FROM information_schema.TABLES GROUP BY table_schema;

Sample output:

mysql> SELECT table_schema AS “Database”, SUM(data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024 AS “Size (MB)” FROM

information_schema.TABLES GROUP BY table_schema

-> ;

+——————–+————+

| Database | Size (MB) |

+——————–+————+

| information_schema | 0.00878906 |

| mylabdb | 0.00111008 |

| mysql | 0.68704987 |

| performance_schema | 0.00000000 |

+——————–+————+

mysql> SELECT

-> table_schema ‘Database Name’,

-> SUM(data_length + index_length) ‘Size in Bytes’,

-> ROUND(SUM(data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024, 2) ‘Size in MiB’

-> FROM information_schema.tables

-> GROUP BY table_schema;

Check Single Table Size in MySQL Database

To find out the size of a single MySQL database called mylabdb (which displays the size of all tables in it) use the following mysql query:

mysql> SELECT table_name AS “Table Name”,ROUND(((data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024),

2) AS “Size in (MB)” FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema = “mylabdb” ORDER BY (data_length + index_length) DESC;

Finally, to find out the actual size of all MySQL database files on the disk (filesystem), run the

du command below.

sudo du -h /var/lib/mysql

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Posted On: Jan 18, 2019

AWS Migration Hub, which provides a single location to discover and track the progress of application migrations across multiple AWS and partner solutions, launched the import feature. This new feature allows you to import information about your on-premises servers into AWS Migration Hub, including server specifications, utilization data, and the applications the servers are part of, giving you the opportunity to track the status of your application migrations as you migrate them to AWS.

With the release of the import feature, you can now upload your on-premises server details from data sources such as a Configuration Management Database (CMDB), IT Asset Management System (ITAM), or an AWS Migration Partner discovery tool. Once successfully imported, you can then track the migrations of those servers and applications in the AWS Migration Hub.

To learn more about AWS Migration Hub, click here or refer to the documentation.

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Howdy! I have a good news for non-native English speakers. Now, you can improve your English vocabulary and find the meaning of English words, right from your Terminal. Say hello to Pyvoc, a cross-platform, open source, command line dictionary and vocabulary building tool written in Python programming language. Using this tool, you can brush up some English words meanings, test or improve your vocabulary skill or simply use it as a CLI dictionary on Unix-like operating systems.

Installing Pyvoc

Since Pyvoc is written using Python language, you can install it using Pip3 package manager.

$ pip3 install pyvoc

Once installed, run the following command to automatically create necessary configuration files in your $HOME directory.

$ pyvoc word

Sample output:

|Creating necessary config files
/getting api keys. please handle with care!
|

word 
Noun: single meaningful element of speech or writing
example: I don't like the word ‘unofficial’

Verb: express something spoken or written
example: he words his request in a particularly ironic way

Interjection: used to express agreement or affirmation
example: Word, that's a good record, man

Done! Let us go ahead and brush the English skills.

Use Pyvoc as a command line Dictionary tool

Pyvoc fetches the word meaning from Oxford Dictionary API.

Let us say, you want to find the meaning of a word ‘digression’. To do so, run:

$ pyvoc digression

See? Pyvoc not only displays the meaning of word ‘digression’, but also an example sentence which shows how to use that word in practical.

Let us see an another example.

$ pyvoc subterfuge
|

subterfuge 
Noun: deceit used in order to achieve one's goal
example: he had to use subterfuge and bluff on many occasions

It also shows the word classes as well. As you already know, English has four major word classes:

1. Nouns,
2. Verbs,
3. Adjectives,
4. Adverbs.

Take a look at the following example.

$ pyvoc welcome
 /

welcome 
Noun:            instance or manner of greeting someone
example:         you will receive a warm welcome

Interjection:    used to greet someone in polite or friendly way
example:         welcome to the Wildlife Park

Verb:            greet someone arriving in polite or friendly way
example:         hotels should welcome guests in their own language

Adjective:       gladly received
example:         I'm pleased to see you, lad—you're welcome

As you see in the above output, the word ‘welcome’ can be used as a verb, noun, adjective and interjection. Pyvoc has given example for each class.

If you misspell a word, it will inform you to check the spelling of the given word.

$ pyvoc wlecome
\
No definition found. Please check the spelling!!

Useful, isn’t it?

Create vocabulary groups

A vocabulary group is nothing but a collection words added by the user. You can later revise or take quiz from these groups. 100 groups of 60 words are reserved for the user.

To add a word (E.g sporadic) to a group, just run:

$ pyvoc sporadic -a
-

sporadic 
Adjective: occurring at irregular intervals or only in few places
example: sporadic fighting broke out


writing to vocabulary group...
word added to group number 51

As you can see, I didn’t provide any group number and pyvoc displayed the meaning of given word and automatically added that word to group number 51. If you don’t provide the group number, Pyvoc will incrementally add words to groups 51-100.

Pyvoc also allows you to specify a group number if you want to. You can specify a group from 1-50 using -goption. For example, I am going to add a word to Vocabulary group 20 using the following command.

$ pyvoc discrete -a -g 20
 /

discrete 
Adjective:       individually separate and distinct
example:         speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather
               than discrete units

creating group Number 20...
writing to vocabulary group...
word added to group number 20

See? The above command displays the meaning of ‘discrete’ word and adds it to the vocabulary group 20. If the group doesn’t exists, Pyvoc will create it and add the word.

By default, Pyvoc includes three predefined vocabulary groups (101, 102, and 103). These custom groups has 800 words of each. All words in these groups are taken from GRE and SAT preparation websites.

To view the user-generated groups, simply run:

$ pyvoc word -l
 -

word 
Noun:            single meaningful element of speech or writing
example:         I don't like the word ‘unofficial’

Verb:            express something spoken or written
example:         he words his request in a particularly ironic way

Interjection:    used to express agreement or affirmation
example:         Word, that's a good record, man


USER GROUPS
Group no.      No. of words
20             1

DEFAULT GROUP
Group no.      No. of words
51             1

As you see, I have created one group (20) including the default group (51).

Test and improve English vocabulary

As I already said, you can use the Vocabulary groups to revise or take quiz from them.

For instance, to revise the group no. 101, use -r option like below.

$ pyvoc 101 -r

You can now revise the meaning of all words in the Vocabulary group 101 in random order. Just hit ENTER to go through next questions. Once done, hit CTRL+C to exit.

Also, you take quiz from the existing groups to brush up your vocabulary. To do so, use -q option like below.

$ pyvoc 103 -q 50

This command allows you to take quiz of 50 questions from vocabulary group 103. Choose the correct answer from the list by entering the appropriate number. You will get 1 point for every correct answer. The more you score the more your vocabulary skill will be.

Pyvoc is in the early-development stage. I hope the developer will improve it and add more features in the days to come.

As a non-native English speaker, I personally find it useful to test and learn new word meanings in my free time. If you’re a heavy command line user and wanted to quickly check the meaning of a word, Pyvoc is the right tool. You can also test your English Vocabulary at your free time to memorize and improve your English language skill. Give it a try. You won’t be disappointed.

And, that’s all for now. Hope this was useful. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!

Cheers!

Resource:

• Pyvoc GitHub Repository

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Windows 7 is an excellent operating system. It is a no-nonsense computing experience that just works. There are no ugly live tiles or forced updates. Conversely, Windows 10 is largely trash. Don’t get me wrong, Microsoft’s latest operating system isn’t all bad, but it has many poor design choices, and the intrusive telemetry makes it feel like you are being spied on when using your own computer. Worst of all, it has proven to be very buggy — it has been deleting important user files! That is scary stuff…

Many Windows users passed on both Windows 8.x and Windows 10, opting to stay on Windows 7. You know what? I don’t blame them. Unfortunately, starting today, the Windows 7 death clock begins ticking away. You see, in exactly one year, Microsoft will end support for Windows 7. While the operating system will still function, it is foolish to use an unsupported OS. These folks will have to decide if they want to “upgrade” to Window 10 or opt for something entirely different. Today, Netrunner 19.01 “Blackbird” — a Linux-based operating system that is reminiscent of Windows 7 — is finally released. If you don’t want to run Windows 10 on your PC, you should definitely give Blackbird a try before the Windows 7 support ends.

ALSO READ: Canonical shares the Top 10 Linux Snaps of 2018 — Spotify, Slack, Plex, VLC, and more!

“The Firefox in this version comes with the Plasma-Integration addon preinstalled. It adds visual feedback for downloading items in the taskbar as well as media control from within Plasma. As with on Rolling, GTK Apps now use Kwin borders integrating nicely with the rest of the Plasma desktop environment. Krita is shipped as 4.x release, which got some nice overhauls and features compared to previous version,” says The Netrunner Team.

ALSO READ: Microsoft ends Windows 7 support one year from today

The team further says, “Blackbird ships with a new Look and Feel Theme called ‘Netrunner Black’ that is based on a dark, yet not too harsh contrasting visual. Using the Kvantum Theme engine plus the Alpha-Black Plasma Theme allowed us to create a more 3D-looking design. For those who prefer the classic look, going back to the well-known LNF is a three-button click and explained under ‘Tips’ in our current Readme Section. Moving the mouse into the lower right corner now visibly activates the ‘Minimize all Windows to show Desktop’ function by a light glow.”

The Netrunner devs share the following significant package updates.

• KDE Plasma 5.14.3
• KDE Frameworks 5.51
• KDE Applications 18.08
• Qt 5.11.3
• Linux Kernel 4.19.0~1
• Firefox Quantum 64.0
• Thunderbird 60.3

For those that are comfortable with the Windows 7 start menu, you will totally feel like home with this Linux-based operating system. Netrunner leverages the excellent KDE Plasma desktop environment which offers a very familiar experience. Overall, Netrunner is one of the most polished and user-friendly Linux-based operating system I’ve ever used. If you are unsure about Linux, you will be very pleasantly surprised.

Best of all, you do not have to commit to Netrunner as it offers a live installation disk. What does that mean? Well, you can run it from a flash drive before installing it to your computer’s hard drive or solid state drive. After all, Linux isn’t for everybody — you can simply take it for a test drive to see if it meets your needs.

If you are ready to try the free Debian-based Netrunner 19.01 “Blackbird,” you can download it here. To create installation media, simply follow the useful guide here.

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An easy-to-install distribution of the LAMP Stack software that can be launched in one click

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Zabbix is an open source monitoring tool. With Zabbix, you can monitor your servers, virtual machines, networks, cloud services and many more. It is a very useful tool for small, medium and large IT organizations. In this article, I will show you how to install Zabbix on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. So, let’s get started.

Zabbix is not available in the official package repository of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. But, you can easily add the official pakage repository of Zabbix on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and install Zabbix from there.

First, navigate to the ~/Downloads directory with the following command:

Now, download the Zabbix package repository DEB file with the following command:

$ wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/
zabbix-release_4.0-2+bionic_all.deb

The DEB package file should be downloaded.

As you can see, a new DEB file is downloaded in the ~/Downloads directory.

Now, install the DEB package file with the following command:

$ sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release*.deb

The Zabbix official package repository should be added.

Updating APT Package Repository Cache:

Now, you have to update the APT package repository cache.

To do that, run the following command:

The APT package repository cache should be updated.

Installing and Configuring Zabbix:

Now, you can install Zabbix with the following command:

$ sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-agent

Now, press y and then press <Enter>.

Zabbix is being installed.

Zabbix is installed at this point.

Now, you have to create a MySQL/MariaDB database for Zabbix.

To do that, start MySQL/MariaDB console as root with the following command:

If you have MySQL/MariaDB password set for the root user, then you can use the following command to login to the console as root:

And then enter the password and you should be logged in.

Once you’re logged into the MySQL/MariaDB console, it should look something like this.

Now, create a database zabbix with the following SQL command:

MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;

The database zabbix should be created.

Now, grant all privileges to the user zabbix to the database zabbix you just created and also set a password for the user zabbix with the following SQL command:

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by
‘YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE’;

NOTE: Make sure to replace YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE with your desired password.

The required permissions should be granted and the password should be set. I set the password zabbix in this article for simplicity.

Now, exit out of the MySQL/MariaDB console with the following command:

Now, create the required tables with the following command:

$ zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -Dzabbix -pzabbix

NOTE: Make sure you replace the password zabbix with the password that you set.

Now, you have to edit the Zabbix configuration file /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf with the following command:

$ sudo nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

Now, find the line DBUser=zabbix and add a new line below it as marked in the screenshot below. Once you’re done, press <Ctrl> + x followed by y and then press <Enter> to save the file.

NOTE: DBPassword=zabbix, sets the database password to zabbix. Replace zabbix with the password that you set.

Now, you have to set the correct time zone to the PHP engine. To do that, edit the configuration file /etc/zabbix/apache.conf with the following command:

$ sudo nano /etc/zabbix/apache.conf

Now, scroll down a little bit and find the marked lines. Remove the hash (#) sign to uncomment them and change Europe/Riga to your desired time zone. You can find more information on what to put there at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones.

The final configuration file in my case looks as follows. Once you’re done, press <Ctrl> + x followed by y and then press <Enter> to save the file.

Now, restart zabbix-server, zabbix-agent and apache2 services with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2

Now add zabbix-server, zabbix-agent and apache2 services to the system startup of your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS machine with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2

zabbix-server, zabbix-agent and apache2 services should be added to the system startup and they will start automatically when your computer boots from now on.

Now, run the following command to find the IP address of your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS machine:

As you can see, in my case the IP address of my Ubuntu 18.04 LTS machine is 192.168.21.128. It should be different for you. So, make sure you replace it with yours from now on.

Now, visit http://192.168.21.128/zabbix from your favorite web browser and you should see the following page. As you’re running Zabbix frontend for the first time, you have to configure the Zabbix frontend. To do that, click on Next step.

Now, make sure all of the pre-requisites are OK. Then, click on Next step.

Now, type in the password for the MySQL/MariaDB database user zabbix (in my case it is zabbix) and click on Next step.

Now, click on Next step.

Make sure all the information is correct. Then, click on Next step.

Zabbix should be successfully configured. Now, click on Finish.

Now you should be able to login as the default user Admin with the default password zabbix.

Once you log in, you should see the Zabbix dashboard. Now, you can use Zabbix as much as you want.

That’s how you install Zabbix on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. Thanks for reading this article.

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This Open Source project provides a playlist parser library for the Totem video player

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