Author: root

Docker has revolutionized the world of containerization, enabling scalable and efficient application deployment.

To make the most of this powerful tool, here are 10 essential Docker best practices:

𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗮 𝗟𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲: Use minimalist base images to reduce container size and vulnerabilities.

𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿: Keep it simple – one process per container for better isolation and maintainability.

𝗨𝘀𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲: Define multi-container applications in a YAML file for easy management.

𝗩𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗺𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴: Store data outside the container to preserve it, even if the container is removed.

𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Consider Kubernetes or Docker Swarm for managing containers at scale.

𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗮𝗴𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴: Always tag images with version numbers to ensure reproducibility.

𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸𝘀: Implement health checks to monitor container status and reliability.

𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘀: Set resource constraints to prevent one container from hogging resources.

𝗗𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀: Optimize Dockerfiles by minimizing layers and using caching effectively.

𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆: Regularly update images, scan for vulnerabilities, and follow security best practices.

Run this to install Docker:

$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com | sh

To preview the installation steps first:

$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
$ sudo sh ./get-docker.sh –dry-run

In this article, we will learn how to send email using shell scripting. Sending emails programmatically can be very useful for automated notifications, error alerts, or any other form of communication that needs to be sent without manual intervention. Shell scripting offers a powerful way to achieve this through various utilities and tools available in Unix-like operating systems.

Prerequisites

• AWS Account with Ubuntu 24.04 LTS EC2 Instance.
• Basic knowledge of Shell scripting.

Step #1:Generate the App Password

First go to your account:

Search for App Password in the search bar.

Enter your google account password to verify it’s you:

Now Enter the app name for which you wanted to get the app password like Shell Script.

And click on Create to create it:

the password will be generated. Note it down cause will be using it.

Step #2:Create a file in Ubuntu

Open the terminal and use the nano command to create a new file:

nano email.sh

Step #3:Write a Script to Send Emails
Below is a basic script to send an email.
-----------------------------------------

#!/bin/bash

# Prompt the user for input
read -p "Enter your email: " sender
read -p "Enter recipient email: " receiver
read -s -p "Enter your Google App password: " gapp
echo
read -p "Enter the subject of mail: " sub

# Read the body of the email
echo "Enter the body of mail (Ctrl+D to end):"
body=$(</dev/stdin)

# Sending email using curl
response=$(curl -s --url 'smtps://smtp.gmail.com:465' --ssl-reqd \
    --mail-from "$sender" \
    --mail-rcpt "$receiver" \
    --user "$sender:$gapp" \
    -T <(echo -e "From: $sender\nTo: $receiver\nSubject: $sub\n\n$body"))

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Email sent successfully."
else
    echo "Failed to send email."
    echo "Response: $response"
fi
------------------------------------------

Save the file and exit the editor.

Explanation of the Script:

This script is designed to send an email using Gmail’s SMTP server through the command line. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of each part of the script:

1. Shebang: The #!/bin/bash line at the beginning of the script indicates that the script should be run using the Bash shell.
2. User Input Prompts: These lines prompt the user to enter
   • The sender’s email address.
   • The recipient’s email address.
   • The sender’s Google App password (entered silently using -s to hide the input).
   • The subject of the email.
3. Reading the Email Body: This section prompts the user to enter the body of the email. The user can type the email content and end input by pressing Ctrl+D. The body of the email is then captured into the variable body.
4. Sending the Email: This part of the script uses curl to send the email
   • -s makes curl run silently.
   • --url 'smtps://smtp.gmail.com:465' specifies the Gmail SMTP server with SSL on port 465.
   • --ssl-reqd ensures SSL is required.
   • --mail-from "$sender" specifies the sender’s email address.
   • --mail-rcpt "$receiver" specifies the recipient’s email address.
   • --user "$sender:$gapp" provides the sender’s email and Google App password for authentication.
   • -T <(echo -e "From: $sender\nTo: $receiver\nSubject: $sub\n\n$body") sends the email content including headers and body.
5. Handling the Response: This final part checks the exit status of the curl command ($?):
   • If the exit status is 0, it prints “Email sent successfully.”
   • If the exit status is not 0, it prints “Failed to send email.” and outputs the response from curl.

Step #4:Make file executable

Change the file permissions to make it executable using the chmod command:

chmod +x email.sh

Step #5:Run the script
Run the script by executing the following command:

./email.sh

You will be prompted to enter the sender’s email, recipient’s email, Google App password, subject, and body of the email:

You will get the message Email sent successfully.

Now check the mail box to see if you receive the mail or not.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, sending emails using shell scripting can greatly enhance your automation tasks, enabling seamless communication and notifications. This approach is especially useful for automated notifications, error alerts, and other routine communications. With the power of shell scripting, you can integrate emails functionality into your workflows, ensuring timely and efficient information exchange.

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