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It’s fair to say that open source is an important part of many industries today. Whether you’re looking at open source server hardware, open source Linux software, open source software-defined networking, open source cloud management platforms, or even open source cola, no-one can deny that it’s everywhere now.

However, with so many open source options available today, it’s hard to work out how to get started – like walking into a used bookstore that hasn’t organised its books into categories or genres.

Are you experienced?

Here at SUSE we are, with over a quarter of a century of experience in making open source easier for businesses to choose, use and build their businesses upon. We have many skilled software engineers and developers around the world working on our software products and providing world-class support to our customers. In addition to these excellent engineering resources, we have other team members who are deeply involved in the open source world like Alan Clark in our CTO office. He’s somewhat of a legend within the open source community – he’s the chairman of the OpenStack Foundation, the chairman of the OpenHPC Foundation and is also on the board of directors of the Linux Foundation.

Our very own Kent Wimmer spent some time with him recently in our Provo office, chatting to him about all things open source and OpenStack. Whether you’re interested in IoT, Machine Learning, containisation, cloud computing or something else, watch the video here to hear Alan’s thoughts on the future of open source, the rise of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud, and how individuals and businesses can best get started in OpenStack.

Alan and Kent will be with us at the OpenStack Summit in Berlin next week (November 13th-15th), so if you’re visiting, come along to see us at the booth (booth B3, it’ll be the one staffed by people in pilot’s uniforms!) and find out more about how SUSE can make open source easier for you.

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We all have files on our computers — documents, photos, source code, you name it. So many of them. Definitely more than I can remember. And if not challenging, it might be time consuming to find the right one you’re looking for. In this post, we’ll have a look at how to make sense of your files on the command line, and especially how to quickly find the ones you’re looking for.

Good news is there are few quite useful utilities in the Linux commandline designed specifically to look for files on your computer. We’ll have a look at three of those: ls, tree, and find.

ls

If you know where your files are, and you just need to list them or see information about them, ls is here for you.

Just running ls lists all visible files and directories in the current directory:

$ ls
Documents Music Pictures Videos notes.txt

Adding the -l option shows basic information about the files. And together with the -h option you’ll see file sizes in a human-readable format:

$ ls -lh
total 60K
drwxr-xr-x 2 adam adam 4.0K Nov 2 13:07 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 adam adam 4.0K Nov 2 13:07 Music
drwxr-xr-x 2 adam adam 4.0K Nov 2 13:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x 2 adam adam 4.0K Nov 2 13:07 Videos
-rw-r–r– 1 adam adam 43K Nov 2 13:12 notes.txt

Is can also search a specific place:

$ ls Pictures/
trees.png wallpaper.png

Or a specific file — even with just a part of the name:

$ ls *.txt
notes.txt

Something missing? Looking for a hidden file? No problem, use the -a option:

$ ls -a
. .bash_logout .bashrc Documents Pictures notes.txt
.. .bash_profile .vimrc Music Videos

There are many other useful options for ls, and you can combine them together to achieve what you need. Learn about them by running:

$ man ls

tree

If you want to see, well, a tree structure of your files, tree is a good choice. It’s probably not installed by default which you can do yourself using the package manager DNF:

$ sudo dnf install tree

Running tree without any options or parameters shows the whole tree starting at the current directory. Just a warning, this output might be huge, because it will include all files and directories:

$ tree
.
|– Documents
| |– notes.txt
| |– secret
| | `– christmas-presents.txt
| `– work
| |– project-abc
| | |– README.md
| | |– do-things.sh
| | `– project-notes.txt
| `– status-reports.txt
|– Music
|– Pictures
| |– trees.png
| `– wallpaper.png
|– Videos
`– notes.txt

If that’s too much, I can limit the number of levels it goes using the -L option followed by a number specifying the number of levels I want to see:

$ tree -L 2
.
|– Documents
| |– notes.txt
| |– secret
| `– work
|– Music
|– Pictures
| |– trees.png
| `– wallpaper.png
|– Videos
`– notes.txt

You can also display a tree of a specific path:

$ tree Documents/work/
Documents/work/
|– project-abc
| |– README.md
| |– do-things.sh
| `– project-notes.txt
`– status-reports.txt

To browse and search a huge tree, you can use it together with less:

$ tree | less

Again, there are other options you can use with three, and you can combine them together for even more power. The manual page has them all:

$ man tree

find

And what about files that live somewhere in the unknown? Let’s find them!

In case you don’t have find on your system, you can install it using DNF:

$ sudo dnf install findutils

Running find without any options or parameters recursively lists all files and directories in the current directory.

$ find
.
./Documents
./Documents/secret
./Documents/secret/christmas-presents.txt
./Documents/notes.txt
./Documents/work
./Documents/work/status-reports.txt
./Documents/work/project-abc
./Documents/work/project-abc/README.md
./Documents/work/project-abc/do-things.sh
./Documents/work/project-abc/project-notes.txt
./.bash_logout
./.bashrc
./Videos
./.bash_profile
./.vimrc
./Pictures
./Pictures/trees.png
./Pictures/wallpaper.png
./notes.txt
./Music

But the true power of find is that you can search by name:

$ find -name do-things.sh
./Documents/work/project-abc/do-things.sh

Or just a part of a name — like the file extension. Let’s find all .txt files:

$ find -name “*.txt”
./Documents/secret/christmas-presents.txt
./Documents/notes.txt
./Documents/work/status-reports.txt
./Documents/work/project-abc/project-notes.txt
./notes.txt

You can also look for files by size. That might be especially useful if you’re running out of space. Let’s list all files larger than 1 MB:

$ find -size +1M
./Pictures/trees.png
./Pictures/wallpaper.png

Searching a specific directory is also possible. Let’s say I want to find a file in my Documents directory, and I know it has the word “project” in its name:

$ find Documents -name “*project*”
Documents/work/project-abc
Documents/work/project-abc/project-notes.txt

Ah! That also showed the directory. One thing I can do is to limit the search query to files only:

$ find Documents -name “*project*” -type f
Documents/work/project-abc/project-notes.txt

And again, find have many more options you can use, the man page might definitely help you:

$ man find

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Posted On: Nov 5, 2018

The AWS Deep Learning AMIs for Ubuntu and Amazon Linux now come with Chainer 5.0, which includes support for Python 3.6 and iDeep 2.0. As with other frameworks, Deep Learning AMIs offer optimized builds of Chainer 5.0 that are fine-tuned and fully-configured for high performance deep learning on Amazon EC2 CPU and GPU instances.

AWS Deep Learning AMIs also support other popular frameworks including TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Apache MXNet —all pre-installed and fully-configured for you to start developing your deep learning models in minutes while taking full advantage of the computational power of Amazon EC2 instances. For a complete list of frameworks and versions supported by the AWS Deep Learning AMI, see the release notes.

Get started quickly with the AWS Deep Learning AMIs using the getting-started guides and beginner to advanced level tutorials in our developer guide. You can also subscribe to our discussion forum to get launch announcements and post your questions.

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Netplan is a utility for configuring network interfaces on Linux. Netplan uses YAML files for configuring network interfaces. YAML configuration file format is really simple. It has clear and easy to understand syntax. Netplan works with traditional Linux networking system Systemd-networkd and Network Manager. With Netplan you can configure the network of your Ubuntu machines easier than ever before. Starting from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, Ubuntu uses Netplan to configure network interfaces by default.

In this article, I will show you how to install Netplan on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and later, and how to use Netplan on Ubuntu. I will be using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS for the demonstration. But it should work the same way on every Ubuntu version where Netplan is installed. Let’s get started.

Netplan is available in the official package repository of Ubuntu. So, it is really easy to install. Netplan is not installed by default on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. So, I am focusing on the installation method of Netplan on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS in this section. First, update the APT package repository cache with the following command:

The APT package repository cache should be updated.

Now, install Netplan with the following command:

$ sudo apt install netplan

Netplan should be installed.

By default, Netplan is disabled on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. You have to enable it manually. To enable Netplan, you have to create a file netplan in the /etc/default/ directory and add ENABLED=1 to it.

To do that, run the following command:

$ echo “ENABLED=1” | sudo tee /etc/default/netplan

/etc/default/netplan file should be created.

Now, reboot your computer with the following command:

Netplan should be enabled.

Netplan Configuration Files:

On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, the Netplan YAML configuration files are placed in the /etc/netplan/ directory. To configure a network interface, you have to create or modify required YAML files in this directory. YAML configuration files has the .yaml extension. The default Netplan YAML configuration file /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml is used to configure network interfaces using Netplan.

On Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, the configuration files are placed in the /etc/plan directory and the default configuration file is /etc/plan/netplan-acl.

Make sure you modify the correct configuration file depending on the version of Ubuntu you’re using.

Configuring Network Interface via DHCP with Netplan:

In this section, I will show you how to configure a network interface via DHCP on Ubuntu with Netplan. First, find the network interface name that you want to configure with the following command:

As you can see, I have one network interface card (NIC) installed on my Ubuntu 18.04 LTS machine and the network interface name is ens33. It does not have any IP address configured right now. Let’s use Netplan to configure it via DHCP.

To configure the network interface ens33 via DHCP using Netplan, open the default Netplan configuration file on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml with the following command:

$ sudo nano /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

You should see the following window.

Now add the following lines in the network section.

ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: yes

Here, dhcp4: yes means, use DHCP for IPv4 protocol to configure the network interface ens33.

NOTE: The indentations are really useful. Make sure you indent each line correctly. It will make the syntax clearer and comfortable to the eye.

Finally, the configuration file should look something like this.

Now, press <Ctrl> + x and then press y followed by <Enter> to save the file.

The good thing about Netplan is that before you apply the changes, you can make sure the configuration file has no typos or any other mistakes with the following command:

Now press <Enter>.

If everything is alright, you should see Configuration accepted message as marked in the screenshot below.

If there’s any problem with the configuration file, you will see appropriate error messages here.

This feature will surely help you to avoid complex hard to track future problems with Netplan configuration files. Finally, apply the changes permanently using Netplan with the following command:

As you can see, the network interface ens33 is configured via DHCP.

Setting Up Static IP Address with Netplan:

If you want to set up a static IP on your network interface using Netplan, then this section is for you. You can manually set the IP address, name server, gateway etc. of your network interface using Netplan. Let’s say, you want to configure your network interface ens33 as follows:

Static IP address: 192.168.10.33
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.10.1
DNS server: 192.168.10.1

First, check the network configuration of ens33 network interface with the following command:

This is to help you verify that the network interface settings really changed.

Now, edit the Netplan YAML configuration file /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml with the following command:

$ sudo nano /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

If you’ve followed me throughout the article, then the configuration file should be like this. Now, remove the line as marked in the screenshot below.

And type in the lines as marked in the screenshot below.

NOTE: Remember, indentation is essential for YAML files. If you forget to indent correctly, Netplan will not let you apply the configuration file. So, you must indent every step of the YAML configuration file as shown in the screenshot below.

Now, press <Ctrl> + x and then press y followed by <Enter> to save the file.

Now, check whether there’s any error in the configuration file with the following command:

press <Enter>.

As you can see, the configuration file is accepted.

Finally, apply the configuration file with the following command:

As you can see, the IP address is changed as expected.

The gateway is also set correctly.

The DNS server is set correctly as well.

So, that’s how you install and use Netplan on Ubuntu to configure network interfaces using YAML files. If you want to learn more about Netplan, please visit the official website of Netplan at https://netplan.io. Thanks for reading this article.

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Nov 06, 2018, 05:00

Feren OS is a nice alternative to Linux Mint and an easy stepping stone to transition to Linux from Microsoft Windows or macOS.

I am a long-time user of Linux Mint, but I am falling out of love with it. Mint is getting stale. It is annoyingly sluggish at times. I run it on a number of computers and experience the same symptoms on a variety of hardware configurations. Linux Mint is starting to suffer from a developmental malaise.

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One from the ‘inbox of no return’ that I sadly missed, Out of The Box from developer Nuclear Tales is a time-management thriller where you decide the fate of the quirky customers of a luxurious club and it has Linux support. Note: Key provided by the publisher.

As head of security, you will need to deal with the rules of the club which gradually get more complex. Find out who is lying, who is telling the truth and possibly throw a few punches. The story actually changes, depending on what you do during your time. Work with the police, gangsters or whoever.

About the game:

Every night, among the club’s visitors, you’ll find undercover cops, annoying celebrities, runaway criminals or ghosts from your past. As the new gatekeeper of The Box, you decide who enters and who doesn’t… by any means necessary. Be careful though, because each choice you make can influence the fate of the club and its clients. You’ll also need to keep your salary to avoid being evicted, to see your daughter again, and most importantly, to regain control of your life.

Will you let teenagers into the club in exchange for money? Will you confront a wealthy client to save his girlfriend when she asks you for help? Or will you work with the police to bring down the most powerful gangster in town?

There’s been a lot of comparisons with Papers, Please with a new setting, so if you liked that there’s a high chance you will enjoy this too. As for the Linux version, for me it worked without an issue. Performance was good and no noticable bugs I could see. It has some really nice art, the character design is done really well for sure and it’s not always easy to tell if someone is old enough to get in the club.

It does take a little while to get going, personally I thought the start was a bit too slow. Even so, it’s not bad at all.

Available now with Linux support on Steam.

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Following a promise to address his unempathetic approach towards kernel developers, Torvalds already seems to be more considerate in code reviews.

Linux creator Linus Torvalds recently acknowledged his problems in an email to kernel developers in September.

In his email, Torvalds wrote:

“I am not an emotionally empathetic kind of person and that probably doesn’t come as a big surprise to anybody. Least of all me. The fact that I then misread people and don’t realize (for years) how badly I’ve judged a situation and contributed to an unprofessional environment is not good.

This week people in our community confronted me about my lifetime of not understanding emotions. My flippant attacks in emails have been both unprofessional and uncalled for. Especially at times when I made it personal.”

He ended the email saying he would be taking some time off to get assistance on understanding people’s emotions and how to respond appropriately.

Torvalds promised the email wasn’t him wanting to walk away from Linux development and that he ‘very much’ wants to continue working on it as he has for almost three decades.

Last week, Torvalds showed off his more empathetic approach in an issue with the HID pull request and its introduction of the BigBen game controller driver that was introduced. In particular, that it was enabled by default.

This was his response:

“We do *not* enable new random drivers by default. And we most *definitely* don’t do it when they are odd-ball ones that most people have never heard of.

Yet the new ‘BigBen Interactive’ driver that was added this merge window did exactly that.

Just don’t do it.

Yes, yes, every developer always thinks that _their_ driver is so special and so magically important that it should be enabled by default. But no. When we have thousands of drivers, we don’t randomly pick one new driver to be enabled by default just because some developer thinks it is special. It’s not.

So the default !EXPERT was completely wrong in commit 256a90ed9e46 (“HID: hid-bigbenff: driver for BigBen Interactive PS3OFMINIPAD gamepad”).

Please don’t do things like this.

Linus”

The response is firm but fair. It doesn’t come across demeaning or aggressive towards the developer, just sets them on the right course.

A response to a similar issue last November invoked the following response from Torvalds:

“You add new drivers and then default them to ‘on’.

THAT IS COMPLETELY UNACCEPTABLE.

I don’t know why I have to say this every single merge window, but let’s do it one more time:

As a developer, you think _your_ driver or feature is the most important thing ever, and you have the hardware.

AND ALMOST NOBODY ELSE CARES.

Read it and weep. Unless your hardware is completely ubiquitous, it damn well should not default to being defaulted everybody elses config.

But something like CONFIG_DELL_SMBIOS sure as hell does not merit being default on. Not even if you have enabled WMI.

EVERY SINGLE “default” line that got added by this branch was wrong.

Stop doing this. It’s a serious violation of peoples expectations. When I do ‘make oldconfig’, I don’t want some new random hardware support.”

So far, it seems Linus’ time off (which is well earned) has done his people skills a world of good. There’s less of his profanity-ridden messages and general lack of professionalism when it comes to communicating with developers.

For most of us, it’s good to see. For Linux kernel developers, it’s well overdue.

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SwagArch GNU/Linux is a free and open-source Linux-based operating system derived from Arch Linux and built around the lightweight Xfce desktop environment. It is targeted at desktop users and features the Calamares universal installer to offer you an easy installation process.

Boot menu a la Arch Linux, supports 64-bit PCs

Being based on Arch Linux, the SwagArch GNU/Linux operating system comes with a live ISO image that features a boot menu identical with the one found on the Arch Linux ISO images. It is however customized with SwagArch GNU/Linux artwork to be easily identified and not create any confusion.

From the boot menu, users can start the live session and use SwagArch GNU/Linux without installing it on their personal computers, boot an existing OS already installed on the host computer, run a memory test, run a hardware test, as well as to reboot or power off the machine.

Beautiful and clean Xfce desktop environment

SwagArch GNU/Linux comes with the lightweight Xfce desktop environment by default on the live image. The Xfce desktop is customized to look clean and offer users easy access to apps and settings. It features a panel on the top of screen and a dock at the bottom of the screen for easy access to frequently used apps.

Talking about apps, SwagArch GNU/Linux comes pre-installed with a basic set of open-source applications, including the Mozilla Firefox web browser, GIMP image editor, Gedit text editor, and others. The OS uses the official Arch Linux software repositories so that you can install more apps from there.

Calamares offers an easy installation process

The best part of the SwagArch GNU/Linux distro is that it comes pre-installed with the Calamares universal installer framework, which provides users with a friendly and easy-to-use graphical installer that makes installing SwagArch GNU/Linux a breeze, something we can’t say about the official Arch Linux images.

Optimized for workflow and efficiency

The SwagArch GNU/Linux distribution is optimized for workflow and efficiency, and we find it the perfect companion for your desktop or laptop computer. It comes with everything you need to get started with Arch Linux. SwagArch GNU/Linux has been remixed from Arch Linux with the archiso utility.

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Developing and deploying applications that communicate in distributed systems, especially in cloud computing, is complex. Messaging has evolved to address the general needs of distributed applications but hasn’t gone far enough. We need a messaging system that takes the next steps to address cloud, edge, and IoT needs. These include ever-increasing scalability requirements in terms of millions, if not billions of endpoints, a new emphasis toward resiliency of the system as a whole over individual components, end-to-end security, and the ability to have a zero-trust system. In this post we’ll discuss the steps NATS is taking to address these needs, leading toward a securely connected world.

Let’s break down the challenges into scalability, resiliency at scale, and security.

Scalability

To support millions, or even billions of endpoints spanning the globe, most architectures would involve a federated approach with many layers filtering up to a control layer, driven by a required central authority for configuration and security. Instead, NATS is taking a distributed and decentralized approach.

Read more at CNCF

Click Here!

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Pip is a package manager that facilitates the installation and management of Python software packages, for instance, those contained in the Python Package Index (PyPI).

In this article, I am going to show you how to install and use pip on Ubuntu 18.04.

Install pip for Python3 on Ubuntu

By default, Ubuntu 18.04 comes with Python3 in its installation. To install pip3 for Python3 follow the following steps

Update the system

# sudo apt-get update

Install pip for python3

# sudo apt-get install python3-pip

This command installs pip together with all the dependencies necessary for building python modules.

Sample Output

The following NEW packages will be installed:
libpython3-dev libpython3.4 libpython3.4-dev python3-chardet
python3-colorama python3-dev python3-distlib python3-html5lib python3-pip
python3-requests python3-setuptools python3-six python3-urllib3
python3-wheel python3.4-dev
0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 26 not upgraded.
Need to get 20.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 38.7 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y

Checking the version of pip3

To check the version of pip3 run the command below

# pip3 –version

OR

# pip3 -V

Output

pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.5)

Install pip for Python2 on Ubuntu

Python2 is not installed by default on Ubuntu 18.04. If you wish to install Python2 and pip for Python 2 run the following commands

Update the system

# sudo apt-get update

Install pip for python2

# sudo apt-get install python-pip

Checking the version of pip

To verify the installation of pip, run

# pip –version

OR

# pip -V

Output

# pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)

Using pip in package management

Now that we have seen how to install various versions of pip in different python environments, it’s time to see how we can use it to install, upgrade and uninstall packages.

Installing a package with pip

When installing python modules, it’s recommended that you do so in virtual environments. a virtual environment creates an isolated environment for several python projects. This allows you to install a specific module per project without worrying about the module affecting other Python projects.

To install a package with pip

# pip3 install package_name

For instance

# pip install numpy

Output

Collecting numpy
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/40/c5/f1ed15dd931d6667b40f 1ab1c2fe1f26805fc2b6c3e25e45664f838de9d0/numpy-1.15.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86 _64.whl (13.8MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 13.8MB 3.2MB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.15.2
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 18.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install –upgrade pip’ command.

To install a specific version of a package

If you wish to specify installation of a specific package run,

# pip3 install package_name==version no.

For example

# pip3 install numpy=1.15

Output

Collecting numpy==1.15
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/b9/479ccb55cc7dcff3d4fc7c8c26d4887846875e7d4f04483a36f335bed712/numpy-1.15.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.8MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 13.8MB 101kB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.15.0
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 18.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install –upgrade pip’ command.

To upgrade a package with pip

To upgrade a package to its latest version using pip run

# pip3 install –upgrade package_name

For example, we have seen from the output above that we are running pip version 10.0.1. To upgrade to the latest version which is 18.1, run

# pip3 install –upgrade pip

Output

Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 7.5MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
Successfully installed pip-18.1

To uninstall a package with pip

To uninstall a package with pip run

# pip3 uninstall package_name

For example

# pip3 uninstall numpy

Output

Uninstalling numpy-1.15.2:
Would remove:
/usr/local/bin/f2py
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy-1.15.2.dist-info/*
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/*
Proceed (y/n)? y

Viewing more options with pip

To view more pip options on the usage of pip run

# pip3 –help

In this guide, we have seen how to install and use pip on Ubuntu to install, upgrade and uninstall packages. For more options on pip usage, visit this documentation.

Read Also:

• How to Install Latest Python on Ubuntu 18.04

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