Ubuntu 18.10 New Features | Linux Hint

If you’re a Linux fan then you can consider this article as your complete guide to everything there is regarding Ubuntu 18.10. The official codename of Ubuntu 18.10 was revealed in May 2018 as “Cosmic Cuttlefish”.

If we dig deep into it, we can understand that “Cosmic” is an adjective which narrates to the universe. It also means, “Something inconceivably vast”. Whereas “Cuttlefish” is a marine animal having two long tentacles, eight arms, and ‘w’ shaped eyes. According to Wikipedia, the highest brain-to-body ratio in all invertebrates is found in Cuttlefish. What they might be trying to indicate is that this release could be something super smart and out of the world may be.

Ubuntu Release Date

Canonical releases a new version of their Linux-based OS, Ubuntu, twice a year. One version being released in April and the other in October. These releases aren’t like those regular Ubuntu updates, but major and new upgrades which includes new features, updated themes and designs, better performance and all. The new Ubuntu 18.10 is set to hit the market on October 18, 2018. From that day onward, it will be available for everyone as a 64-bit ISO image on their official website as well as selected mirrors and an official torrent too. Before the actual release, there’s an opportunity to test the beta version of Ubuntu 18.10, available since September 2018.

Ubuntu 18.10 What’s New?

Yaru, A New Default Theme

Ubuntu 18.10 comes with a new and fresh look. It was for first decided to be released in Ubuntu 18.4 but it is now all set to make an appearance this time named as “Yaru”. The new theme includes new Suru icon pack, a GTK3 theme, GNOME Shell theme as well as lays foundation on Adwita/Ambiance. The theme provides a modern and clearer look to OS, from boot up to shut down. Also, it can be activated system-wide, which means that the redesign will affect every part of the desktop, even the lock screen would have a new look.

GNOME v3.30

Cosmic Cuttlefish or Ubuntu 18.10 will comprise the latest version of GNOME i.e. v3.30, released in the month on October. The GNOME v3.30 will probably feature a bunch of improvements related to performance, GNOME Shell Desktop as well as core apps like Nautilus. The GNOME v3.30, also codenamed as Almeria, includes a lot of new features:

  • Better performance and bug fixes to make it a better experience than before
  • Automatic updating of Flatpaks
  • Various GNOME apps updates.
  • GNOME panel providing access to ThunderBolt settings directly.

Android Integration

The most out of the box feature in Ubuntu 18.10 is that it will allow you to manage your phone through your PC. It features GS-connect, based on KDE Connect, which supports the GNOME Desktop Environment. It allows the following:

  • Checking your notifications
  • Browsing files of your phone
  • File sharing between phone and desktop wirelessly

The only requirement is that you must have KDE Connect app on your smartphone.

Possibly a Better Battery Life

We have all known this fact that how quickly laptops run out of battery when using Linux. Like Fedora 28, Canonical (Ubuntu’s parent company) is also working on how to save battery, our hunch is that the Ubuntu development team is also currently exploring options to improve laptop’s battery life without having any impact on the stability of the system.

Fingerprint Scanner

Ubuntu 18.10 will support the fingerprint scanner of your machine. So now you’ll be able to unlock your system with just one touch, no need to type those passwords again and again.

Low Bandwidth Mode

Although it is available already, this time it might be easier to find it. The features allow you to enable a “low bandwidth” mode to save your data. This feature comes in handy when you have limited internet or if you’re using a cellular data.

DLNA Support

Ubuntu 18.10 will be supporting DLNA to enable easy file transfer from your PC to your Smart TV. It will be more beneficial for those who have a huge bundle of media files, like audio, family pictures and all that they want to transfer them to their TV without any hassle.

Improved Boot time and Performance

Ubuntu 18.10 comes with an improved boot time and the difference is so huge that it can be felt while using it. A lot of work has been put to improve the battery life of systems. A low power mode, by Linux Kernel, for USB-HDD controllers and other devices. Snap apps will also encompass improvements which will result in the boosted launch, few bug fixes and everything that hinders Snap apps from being smooth and stable.

Other Changes

Tiny changes here and there in Ubuntu- 18.10 which are worth mentioning include:

  • Improved sound settings
  • PulseAudio 12.2
  • Multi-monitor support in GNOME Display Manager
  • Enhanced quality and performance of video player
  • New app installs will add icons to the screen

Conclusion

In the end, it is safe to say that Ubuntu 18.10 daily builds are pretty stable, contain a lot of features, including an improved performance as well as bug fixes. Canonical is surely working on the improvement of what they have achieved so far and are trying their best to introduce new features.
You can always check out the new Ubuntu 18.10 beta release. However, the beta releases are not for general usage. In order to avoid any kind of bug or instability, don’t install it.

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HashiCorp’s Cloud Tools Fuel $100 Million Funding Round

man-at-laptop

HashiCorp, maker of open source cloud tools for DevOps, has a valuation of $1.9 billion in Series D round.

Christine Hall | Nov 05, 2018

While the big story last week was the $33 billion IBM shelled out to take Red Hat under its wing, another open source company was busy attracting investor interest as well. On Thursday, the six-year-old open source startup, HashiCorp, whose cloud tools are popular with DevOps, announced it has raised $100 million in Series D funding.

The funding round was led by new investor IVP, with participation from another first timer, Bessemer Venture Partners. Existing HashiCorp investors GGV Capital, Mayfield, Redpoint Ventures, and True Ventures also participated in the round. This brings the privately held San Francisco-based company’s total funding to $174 million and gives it a valuation of $1.9 billion.

Like Red Hat, HashiCorp is focused on helping customers move from on-premises, monolithic, legacy cloud infrastructures to take advantage of hybrid and multi-cloud solutions. In HashiCorp’s case, this comes from a line of automation and cloud tools for provisioning, security, networking, and application runtime.

A blog post from IVP’s Tom Loverro, Sandy Miller, Steve Harrick and Michael Miao indicated that HashiCorp’s expertise in multi-cloud environments was a main driver behind the decision to invest. They also mentioned that HashiCorp has a penchant for “having the right product for the market at the right time.”

ITPro Today talked about that latter aspect with HashiCorp’s co-founder and co-CTO, Mitchell Hashimoto, back in August.

“When you found a startup, your idea at that point in time has some sort of future value to it,” he said. “But eventually, that future comes and goes and you have to keep innovating from there. The question then becomes, what’s next? Where do you go from there? The truth is, you don’t control that future directly. There are external events that happen, and you have to adapt to those.”

Hashimoto told us that staying relevant in the ever changing world of tech requires more than setting back and waiting for the next big thing to arrive, but requires effort to get ahead of the curve.

“One thing I always say to our engineers, and even our executive management, is if you wait until something is mainstream or something is safe, then you’re too late,” he said. “You’re not going to be a market leader in something where you wait.”

Not surprising for a company focused on cloud deployments, these days Hashicorp seems to be focused on containers. In September it brought tighter Kubernetes integration to Consul, its service discovery and configuration tool, allowing users to better synchronize and manage data across multiple infrastructure deployments. In late October it added heightened Kubernetes integration throughout it’s product line.

The company offers free and open source versions of all of its products, along with enterprise versions that include added features. It counts over 50 Fortune 500 companies and more than 100 of the Global 2000 among its paying customers. Its customer base includes Adobe, Barclays, Citadel, Equinix, Hulu, Pandora, and Petco.

HashiCorp said it will use the money raised for open source and commercial product development, increased hiring in global go-to-market functions, and its customer success, support, and training efforts for its worldwide customer base.

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Linux Today – Open Source Data sources that can be considered as MongoDB alternative for its new licensing change

Nov 02, 2018, 19:00

As MongoDB has changed their license from AGPL to SSPL many are concerned by this change, and by how sudden it has been. Will SSPL be protective enough for MongoDB, or will the next change be to go to an altogether proprietary license? According to our poll, many are going to explore MongoDB alternatives. This blog post provides a brief outline of technologies to consider.

Complete Story

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Download LibreOffice Linux 6.1.3

LibreOffice is an open source productivity suite that provides all the necessary office components for small-business, educational and non-profit organizations. It is a fork of the well-known OpenOffice.org application.

A drop-in replacement for OpenOffice.org

LibreOffice’s story starts not so long ago, as a continuation of the work already implemented in the OpenOffice.org software. The initial release of LibreOffice was made available back in 2011. Since then, the project got a lot of attention from the open source community, many developers joined the team, and in only a couple of years it became the number one office suite for almost, if not all Linux distributions.

It’s compatible with major office suites

The project is compatible with various other major office suite applications, including OpenOffice.org and Microsoft Office, it is available on a variety of platforms, and it’s comprised of six main components: Writer, Calc, Impress, Base, Math, and Draw.

LibreOffice’s main components

LibreOffice Writer is the main component, and probably the most used one. It is also the most important one from the entire office suite, as many people install LibreOffice to create high quality word documents. It provides users with plenty of options for formatting text, inserting tables, drawings and images.

LibreOffice Calc is there for those of you who work with spreadsheet documents, and LibreOffice Math can be used to easily insert equations and formulas in word, spreadsheet, drawing, and presentation documents.

If you work a lot with presentations and slideshows, we strongly recommend to use the Impress component of LibreOffice. Moreover, LibreOffice Draw allows you to generate drawings that include charts, formulas or tables.

The last component, and the most advanced one, is LibreOffice Base, which can be used to design and maintain databases for storing all sorts of data, from survey information to financial reports.

Bottom line

Thanks to its CMIS standard, LibreOffice allows users to easily collaborate with online document storage and CMS (Content Management System) systems. Being one of the fastest growing open source office suite in the world, LibreOffice is now adopted by many Linux operating systems and it is our number one choice for ordinary desktop office tasks.

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The Eight Rules of Good Documentation | Linux.com

If useful documentation is so important to the success of projects and developer well-being, why don’t all projects have it? The answer, I believe, is that like good code, good documentation is difficult and time consuming to write.

In my eyes, there are eight rules that we can follow to produce good documentation:

  1. Write documentation that is inviting and clear
  2. Write documentation that is comprehensive, detailing all aspects of the project
  3. Write documentation that is skimmable
  4. Write documentation that offers examples of how to use the software
  5. Write documentation that has repetition, when useful
  6. Write documentation that is up-to-date
  7. Write documentation that is easy to contribute to
  8. Write documentation that is easy to find

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Convert Hexadecimal to Decimal in Bash

Four types of number systems are popular in computer systems. These are Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal. The binary system is 2 based and all arithmetic calculations are done by computer in Binary system. It uses only two digits, 0 and 1 for calculation. The number system that we use for general calculation is decimal system which is 10 based. 0 to 9 numbers are used in the decimal system for calculation. The octal number system is 8 based and represented by 0 to 7 digits. The hexadecimal number system is 16 based and it uses 0 to 9 and A to F characters to represents the number. You can easily convert one number to another number system using the bash script. How you can convert Hexadecimal (hex) number to Decimal number in Bash is shown in this tutorial using various examples.

One of the simple ways to convert any number system to another number system is to use ibase, obase and bc. Create a bash file named hextodec1.sh and add the following code. According to this example, a hex number will be taken as input and converted into the decimal number based on the value of obase and ibase. Here, obase is set to 10 for converting decimal number, ibase is set to 16 to take the input number as hex number and `bc` command is used for conversion.

#!/bin/bash
echo “Type a hex number”
read hexNum
echo -n “The decimal value of $hexNum=”
echo “obase=10; ibase=16; $hexNum” | bc

Output:

Run the script with bash command and give any hexadecimal number as input to find out the decimal value.

Example-2: Using ibase, command line argument and bc

Create a bash file named hextodec2.sh and add the following code. In this example, the input value has to give in the command line argument, which will be read by $@. Here, just ibase with 16 value is used to convert hex to the decimal number.

#!/bin/bash
echo -n “The decimal value of $@=”
echo “ibase=16; $@”|bc

Output:

Run the script with bash command, file name and a hexadecimal number as command line argument. Here, FF is given as command line argument which is taken as hex value.

Example-3: using printf method

Another option for converting hex to the decimal number is printf. ‘%d’ format specifier is used in printf method to convert any number to decimal number. Create a bash file named hextodec3.sh and add the following code. According to this script, a hex number will be taken as input and it is used in printf method with %d to print the decimal value.

#!/bin/bash
echo “Type a hex number”
read hexNum
printf “The decimal value of $hexNum=%dn” $((16#$hexNum))

Output:

Run the script with bash command and give any hexadecimal number as input to find out the decimal value.

Example-4: using double brackets

There is another way to convert hex to the decimal number without using ibase, obase and bc or printf method. You can use double brackets expression with 16 base to convert hex to the decimal number. Create a bash file named hextodec4.sh and add the following code. Here, echo command will take the number as hex and print the output in the decimal number system.

#!/bin/bash
echo “Type a hex number”
read hexNum
echo $(( 16#$hexNum ))

Output:

Run the script with bash command and give any hexadecimal number as input to find out the decimal value.

Example-5: Converting the list of hexadecimal numbers

Suppose, you have a text file named ‘hexList.txt’ that contains the following list of hex numbers.

HexList.txt
AB05
FF
ABCD
ACCD
BED

Create a bash file named hextodec5.sh and add the following code to convert each hex value of hexList.txt into the decimal value. Here, obase, ibase, and bc are used for conversion. while loop is used to read each hex value from the text file, convert to decimal value and print.

#!/bin/bash
while read

number

doecho -n “The decimal value of $number(Hex)=”

echo “obase=10; ibase=16; $number” | bc
done <

hexList.txt

Output:

Run the script with bash command. There are five hex values in the text file and the output shows five decimal values after conversion.

This tutorial shows multiple ways to convert hex to decimal values using the bash script. You can follow any of the ways for your conversion purpose. You can also convert other number systems using the scripts mentioned in this tutorial just by changing the base value.

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Flash – Web pioneer wants new ‘contract’ for internet

LISBON (AFP) –

The inventor of the worldwide web, Tim Berners-Lee, on Monday announced plans for a “contract” to ensure the internet remains “safe and accessible” for all.

“All kinds of things have things have gone wrong,” the computer scientist, who in 1989 invented the Web as a platform, said at the opening of the Web Summit, Europe’s largest tech event.

“We have fake news, we have problems with privacy, we have people being profiled and manipulated,” he said.

Like other tech pioneers, Berners-Lee saw the internet as a platform that would open new horizons but he is disappointed with how it has evolved.

Employees of Google, Facebook and other tech giants have in recent months gone public with their regrets, calling the products they helped build harmful to society and overly addictive.

“We’ve lost control of our personal data and that data is being weaponised against us. The power to access news and information from around the globe is being manipulated by malicious actors,” his Web Foundation said in a report outlining the need for a new contract for the web.

“Online harassment is rampant, and governments are increasingly censoring information online — or shutting down the internet altogether,” it added.

Berners-Lee, 63, wants governments, companies and citizens to iron out a “complete contract” for the web by May 2019, the date by which 50 percent of the world will be online for the first time.

The French government and internet giants Google and Facebook back the principles of the proposed contract, such as respect for people’s right to privacy and guarantees that everyone can connect to the internet, according to his Web Foundation.

The two firms now have direct influence over nearly three quarters of all internet traffic thanks to the vast amounts of apps and services they own such as YouTube, WhatsApp and Instagram.

“We have big and small players, it’s not the UN of the digital world, it’s a call for voluntary engagement, for those who want to be part of the solution, whether they’re part of the problem or not,” the foundation’s policy director, Nnenna Nwakanma, told AFP.

The Web Foundation said the majority people not online live in poor countries and it criticised the fact that “billions of people” access the internet “through a small handful of huge companies”.

The United Nations General Assembly in 2013 called on countries to “respect and protect the right to a private life, including online”.

© 2018 AFP

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Compact embedded PC has three PoE-ready GbE ports

Nov 5, 2018 — by Eric Brown

EFCO’s fanless “SmartSL Plus” embedded box computer is built around a Intel Bay Trail based Congatec Qseven module. The system features 3x GbE ports with PoE, mini-PCIe and mSATA, dual displays, and isolated GPIO.

EFCO’s compact SmartSL Plus embedded computer has begun sampling at $450 and up, targeting machine vision, video, AOI, test & measurement, factory automation, IoT gateways, digital signage, home automation, surveillance, and IP PBX server applications. Like EFCO’s Intel Kaby Lake based SmartMod computer, it features Gigabit Ethernet ports with 802.3at compliant Power over Ethernet (PoE). Although the product page lists only Windows support, EFCO tells us the product also supports Linux, with specific support for Ubuntu and Yocto Project.

SmartSL Plus, front and back

 

The SmartSL Plus is powered by Congatec’s

Conga-QA3

, a Qseven form-factor module equipped with an Intel Bay Trail system-on-chip. The 196 x 100 x 38.2mm system provides a choice of the quad-core, 2.0GHz Celeron J1900 with 10W TDP or the dual-core, 1.58GHz Celeron N2807 with 4.5W TDP.

The Qseven based design should enable future upgrades, says EFCO. One possibility that comes to mind is the newer, Intel Apollo Lake based Conga-QA5.

Congatec Conga-QA3 (left) and block diagram

 

You can load up to 8GB of DDR3L-1333 on the SmartSL Plus via a single socket, and there’s a dedicated mSATA slot for storage. The system offers 3x GbE ports with standard PoE support, as well as a full-length mini-PCIe slot. Three antenna holes and a nano-SIM slot support wireless connectivity, including LTE.

Dual displays are supported with HDMI and VGA ports, and audio is supplied by line-out and mic-in jacks. In addition to a USB 3.0 port, the system furnishes 3x USB 2.0 ports and an RS-232/422/485 serial port. Isolation GPIO (8-bit in and out) is also available

SmartSL Plus

The fanless SmartSL Plus provides an aluminum chassis with a 0 to 60° range and a wide-range 9-32VDC input. A watchdog and a power button are also onboard.

Further information

SmartSL Plus samples are available starting at $450. More information may be found on EFCO’s SmartSL Plus product page.

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DVD Creator: An excellent software for creating DVD/CD – NoobsLab

DVD Creator

is an excellent software that offers great flexibility and features as a fine and powerful DVD creator. The tool is very simplistic to use. According to the developer – Wondershare, this tool is able to fulfill all your requirements for managing your DVD. It’s available on both Windows and Mac.

You can directly just select all the media contents you want to write to your DVD and let the tool do the job for you. There are a number of options you can change, for example, the writing speed and the DVD format. Got an image (ISO/IMG or similar) file? Let DVD Creator do the job. It burns the image file without any issue.

There are a number of available tools on the internet that can perform similar jobs. Some are premium, others are free. DVD Creator from Wondershare is a freemium tool that can do a lot of things. Let’s find out if it can be a worthy component to have at disposal.

 

Interface

When you start up the app, this is the first screen you’ll get:

This is a quick toolset screen for performing the most common tasks with your DVD creation.

Once you open the real software, you’ll get the following look:

The interface is clean and free of any confusion and complexity. All the options are self-explanatory. On the first page, every single option is situated. All you have to do is select the right one and follow your way to the next steps. Very clean workflow arrangement that any new user can enjoy.

Features

  • Create DVDs with any video

There are a number of available video file formats out there. The most popular ones are MP4, MOV, and MKV etc. while some unpopular file formats include AVI, FLV, and WMV etc. DVD Creator supports a large number of video file formats.

Is your video a couple gigabytes large? Or, you need some extra care for that specific video? No need to worry. All you need is feed the tool with your video collection and enjoy your time with a cup of coffee.

 

  • Burn videos in 150 formats

One of the finest things about Wondershare DVD Creator is the support of formats. It can directly burn your content in a ton of formats. The current list of supported file formats includes 150+ file formats!

Feel free to check out whether your rare “file format” specimen matches the supported formats.

 

  • Support for popular disc types

When you’re going to burn a DVD, there are a few options that you must choose consciously. The most important part is choosing the disc type. There are a large number of supported formats to choose from.

Some of the most popular disc types include DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD+R/RW, DVD-R/RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, BD-25, BD-50, BD-100 and a lot more.

Check out all the supported disc types of DVD Creator.

  • Burn multiple videos of different formats

Not all the video files you have at hand can be of MP4 or MKV format. If you got a number of various formats mixed up, don’t fear. DVD Creator can easily handle everything you throw at it.

 

  • Burn data disc from any file

Not looking for creating a media disc? Then you should consider the data disc. This will use the DVD as a storage and burn any type of data you select onto the storage. With higher accuracy in burning, there’s absolutely no chance of any missing bits and corrupted files.

This method can be useful if you’re looking for keeping a number of your precious documents safe at a place.

    • A powerful collection of tools

DVD Creator offers a lot of built-in tools at your disposal. Here are some of them.

    • ISO to DVD – Various OS vendors release their installation media as ISO files. Use this tool for burning the ISO to your DVD for a bootable media.
    • Video editor – DVD Creator is not only a DVD burner but also a nice, handy video editor. Make the changes in your video without the help of software like Adobe Premiere.
    • Slideshow maker – Create a slideshow using your collection of images.

Exploring the app

Now, it’s time for a quick tour with all the available options.

 

  • Data disc

Let’s start with the “Data Disc”.

When you click the option, you’ll be presented on a screen where you can add all the audio and video files you want that doesn’t exceed the limit of your DVD.

After adding audio/video file is complete, hit “Burn”.

Follow the on-screen options to complete the burning process.

 

  • ISO to DVD

This option is for burning any of your ISO files, especially the OS images, into your DVD. You just can’t directly extract the file on the DVD and boot it properly. The image has to be written properly in a proper order for the DVD being bootable.

 

  • Video editor

No need for loading all the heavy tools now. Launch the “Video editor” and add the finishing on your video collection.

  • Slide show

For a slide show, you need a bunch of images.

After you successfully added the images, the tool will turn the collection into an MP4 file.

 

  • Other features

There are a number of other features like “Video editor”, “Slideshow maker” etc. that are only accessible to premium users.

Premium is available for a very reasonable price. For just about $46, you can get a lifetime product subscription. The most beneficial option is getting permanent licenses for 6-10 or more users at once.

Conclusion

Overall, DVD Creator is a really powerful app that offers a number of advantages over the other DVD creator apps out there. With the handy video editing tool and other pro features, this tool really stands out.

Out of all the features, the most valuable one is probably the video editing. For just about $50, you get an absolute beast editor for some heavy editing and adding some final touches.

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Latest supercomputer runs Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)

 

Sierra — the newest supercomputer and the third-fastest in the world — runs Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), which isn’t surprising given the role Linux plays in supercomputing in general.

On Oct. 26, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) — part of the Department of Energy — unveiled the latest supercomputer. It’s named Sierra and is now the third-fastest supercomputer in the world.

Sierra runs at 125 petaflops (peak performance) and will primarily be used by the NNSA for modeling and simulations as part of its core mission of ensuring the safety, security, and effectiveness of the U.S.’s nuclear stockpile. It will be used by three separate nuclear security labs — Lawrence Livermore National Labs, Sandia National Laboratories, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. And it’s running none other than Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).

Sierra is also NNSA’s first large-scale heterogenous system, referring to the fact that the system uses both CPUs and GPUs to accomplish its processing tasks.

Sierra is the third-fastest supercomputer, according to the latest TOP500 list, and is expected to be six to 10 times more capable than LLNL’s 20 petaflop Sequoia.

Each node in the system incorporates both IBM CPUs and Nvidia graphical processing units (GPUs). Designed for modeling and simulations, it is expected to start its use as a production system early in 2019.

According to John Kelly, senior vice president, Cognitive Solutions and IBM Research. “IBM’s decades-long partnership with LLNL has allowed us to build Sierra from the ground up with the unique design and architecture needed for applying AI to massive data sets. The tremendous insights researchers are seeing will only accelerate high performance computing for research and business.”

Why Linux?

While Linux enthusiasts might find it encouraging that Sierra runs RHEL, they may be more excited to learn that Linux is now running on all of the supercomputers included in the TOP500 list mentioned above. If you find this surprising, consider the number of CPUs in use, the fact that Linux is (mostly) free, and the tremendous flexibility and security that’s derived from being able to access and, as needed, modify the source code. Other operating systems cannot begin to compete.

How big is big?

Sierra occupies 7,000 square feet of floor space with its 240 computing racks and 4,320 nodes. Each of those nodes consists of two IBM Power 9 CPUs and four Nvidia V100 GPUs with a Mellanox EDR InfiniBand interconnect.

What’s next for supercomputers?

The next goal is to build computers in the “exascale” class, according to Department of Energy Secretary Rick Perry.

“In just a few short years, we expect to see exascale systems deployed at Lawrence Livermore, Argonne and Oak Ridge (national laboratories), ensuring our global superiority in this arena for years and decades to come,” Perry said. “Starting with Sierra, this new generation of supercomputers will be an absolute game-changer for the world.”

Exascale refers to computing systems that are capable of performing at or in excess of one exaFLOP — a billion billion calculations per second — and would represent a thousand-fold increase over the petascale systems that went into operation only 10 years ago.

gigaFLOPS GFLOPS 109
teraFLOPS TFLOPS 1012
petaFLOPS PFLOPS 1015
exaFLOPS EFLOPS 1018

Note that each increase in the units represents a thousand-fold increase over the previous one.

NNSA hopes to step up to exascale with a system called El Capitan in 2023. In terms of FLOPs, that system should be about 10 times as powerful as Sierra. It is also expected to be another heterogenous system aimed at machine learning and artificial intelligence.

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Sandra Henry-Stocker has been administering Unix systems for more than 30 years. She describes herself as “USL” (Unix as a second language) but remembers enough English to write books and buy groceries. She lives in the mountains in Virginia where, when not working with or writing about Unix, she’s chasing the bears away from her bird feeders.

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