In our last article we have showed you the most used 8 Nslookup commands with their examples, now here we come with another command line tool called Dig, which is much similar to Linux Nslookup tool. We will see the usage of dig command closely with their examples as shown below.

Dig stands for (Domain Information Groper) is a network administration command-line tool for querying Domain Name System (DNS) name servers. It is useful for verifying and troubleshooting DNS problems and also to perform DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server that were queried. dig is part of the BIND domain name server software suite. dig command replaces older tool such as nslookup and the host. dig tool is available in major Linux distributions.

1. Query Domain “A” Record

# dig yahoo.com; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.2 <<>> yahoo.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<

Above command causes dig to look up the “A” record for the domain name yahoo.com. Dig command reads the /etc/resolv.conf file and querying the DNS servers listed there. The response from the DNS server is what dig displays.

Let us understand the output of the commands:

1. Lines beginning with ; are comments not part of the information.
2. The first line tell us the version of dig (9.8.2) command.
3. Next, dig shows the header of the response it received from the DNS server
4. Next comes the question section, which simply tells us the query, which in this case is a query for the “A”record of yahoo.com. The IN means this is an Internet lookup (in the Internet class).
5. The answer section tells us that yahoo.com has the IP address 72.30.38.140
6. Lastly there are some stats about the query. You can turn off these stats using the +nostats option.

2. Query Domain “A” Record with +short

By default dig is quite verbose. One way to cut down the output is to use the +short option. which will drastically cut the output as shown below.

# dig yahoo.com +short

98.139.183.24
72.30.38.140
98.138.253.109

Note: By default dig looks for the “A” record of the domain specified, but you can specify other records also. The MX or Mail eXchange record tells mail servers how to route the email for the domain. Likewise TTL, SOA etc.

3. Querying MX Record for Domain

Querying different types of DNS resource records only.

# dig yahoo.com MX

; <> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.2 <> yahoo.com MX
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31450
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 24

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.                     IN      MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.              33      IN      MX      1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              33      IN      MX      1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              33      IN      MX      1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.

4. Querying SOA Record for Domain

# dig yahoo.com SOA

; <> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.2 <> yahoo.com SOA
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2197
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 7, ADDITIONAL: 7

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.                     IN      SOA

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.              1800    IN      SOA     ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2012081409 3600 300 1814400 600

5. Querying TTL Record for Domain

# dig yahoo.com TTL

; <> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.2 <> yahoo.com TTL
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 56156
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;yahoo.com.                     IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
yahoo.com.              3589    IN      A       98.138.253.109
yahoo.com.              3589    IN      A       98.139.183.24
yahoo.com.              3589    IN      A       72.30.38.140

6. Querying only answer section

# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.              3442    IN      A       72.30.38.140
yahoo.com.              3442    IN      A       98.138.253.109
yahoo.com.              3442    IN      A       98.139.183.24

7. Querying ALL DNS Records Types

# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.              3509    IN      A       72.30.38.140
yahoo.com.              3509    IN      A       98.138.253.109
yahoo.com.              3509    IN      A       98.139.183.24
yahoo.com.              1709    IN      MX      1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1709    IN      MX      1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1709    IN      MX      1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns8.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns5.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com.              43109   IN      NS      ns6.yahoo.com.

8. DNS Reverse Look-up

Querying DNS Reverse Look-up. Only display answer section with using +short.

# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short

ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.

9. Querying Multiple DNS Records

Query multiple website’s DNS specific query viz. MX, NS etc. records.

# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer
;; global options: +cmd
yahoo.com.              1740    IN      MX      1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1740    IN      MX      1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com.              1740    IN      MX      1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns1.redhat.com.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns4.redhat.com.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns3.redhat.com.
redhat.com.             132     IN      NS      ns2.redhat.com.

10. Create .digrc file

Create .digrc file under $HOME/.digrc to store default dig options.

# dig yahoo.com
yahoo.com.              3427    IN      A       72.30.38.140
yahoo.com.              3427    IN      A       98.138.253.109
yahoo.com.              3427    IN      A       98.139.183.24

We have store +noall +answer options permanently in .digrc file under user’s home directory. Now, whenever dig command execute it will show only answer section of dig output. No Need to type every-time options like +noall+answer.

In this article, we tried to find out dig command which may help you to search (DNS) Domain Name Service related information. Share your thoughts through comment box.

Source

There are many things you can do with the output of a command in Linux. You can assign the output of a command to a variable, send it to another command/program for processing through a pipe or redirect it to a file for further analysis.

Suggested Read: Learn The Basics of How Linux I/O (Input/Output) Redirection Works

In this short article, I will show you a simple but useful command-line trick: how to view output of a command on the screen and also write to a file in Linux.

Viewing Output On Screen and also Writing to a File

Assuming you want to get a full summary of available and used disk space of a file system on a Linux system, you can employ the df command; it also helps you determine the file system type on a partition.

$ $df

With the -h flag, you can show the file system disk space statistics in a “human readable” format (displays statistics details in bytes, mega bytes and gigabyte).

$ df -h

$ df -h | tee df.log
$ cat df.log

$ df -h | tee -a df.log 

$ man df
$ man tee

Many times, we are locked in a situation where we have to search for multiple files with different extensions, this has probably happened to several Linux users especially from within the terminal.

There are several Linux utilities that we can use to locate or find files on the file system, but finding multiple filenames or files with different extensions can sometimes prove tricky and requires specific commands.

One of the many utilities for locating files on a Linux file system is the find utility and in this how-to guide, we shall walk through a few examples of using find to help us locate multiple filenames at once.

Before we dive into the actual commands, let us look at a brief introduction to the Linux find utility.

The simplest and general syntax of the find utility is as follows:

# find directory options [ expression ]

Let us proceed to look at some examples of find command in Linux.

1. Assuming that you want to find all files in the current directory with .sh and .txt file extensions, you can do this by running the command below:

# find . -type f \( -name "*.sh" -o -name "*.txt" \)

Interpretation of the command above:

1. . means the current directory
2. -type option is used to specify file type and here, we are searching for regular files as represented by f
3. -name option is used to specify a search pattern in this case, the file extensions
4. -o means “OR”

It is recommended that you enclose the file extensions in a bracket, and also use the \ ( back slash) escape character as in the command.

2. To find three filenames with .sh, .txt and .c extensions, issues the command below:

# find . -type f \( -name "*.sh" -o -name "*.txt" -o -name "*.c" \)

3. Here is another example where we search for files with .png, .jpg, .deb and .pdf extensions:

# find /home/aaronkilik/Documents/ -type f \( -name "*.png" -o -name "*.jpg" -o -name "*.deb" -o -name ".pdf" \)

When you critically observe all the commands above, the little trick is using the -o option in the find command, it enables you to add more filenames to the search array, and also knowing the filenames or file extensions you are searching for.

Conclusion

In this guide, we covered a simple yet helpful find utility trick to enable us find multiple filenames by issuing a single command. To understand and use find for many other vital command line operations, you can read our article below.

35 Practical Examples of Linux Find Command

The Linux Find Command is one of the most important and much used command in Linux sytems. Find command used to search and locate list of files and directories based on conditions you specify for files that match the arguments. Find can be used in variety of conditions like you can find files by permissions, users, groups, file type, date, size and other possible criteria.

Through this article we are sharing our day-to-day Linux find command experience and its usage in the form of examples. In this article we will show you the most used 35 Find Commands examples in Linux. We have divided the section into Five parts from basic to advance usage of find command.

1. Part I: Basic Find Commands for Finding Files with Names
2. Part II: Find Files Based on their Permissions
3. Part III: Search Files Based On Owners and Groups
4. Part IV: Find Files and Directories Based on Date and Time
5. Part V: Find Files and Directories Based on Size
6. Part VI: Find Multiple Filenames in Linux

1. Find Files Using Name in Current Directory

Find all the files whose name is tecmint.txt in a current working directory.

# find . -name tecmint.txt

./tecmint.txt

2. Find Files Under Home Directory

Find all the files under /home directory with name tecmint.txt.

# find /home -name tecmint.txt

/home/tecmint.txt

3. Find Files Using Name and Ignoring Case

Find all the files whose name is tecmint.txt and contains both capital and small letters in /home directory.

# find /home -iname tecmint.txt

./tecmint.txt
./Tecmint.txt

4. Find Directories Using Name

Find all directories whose name is Tecmint in / directory.

# find / -type d -name Tecmint

/Tecmint

5. Find PHP Files Using Name

Find all php files whose name is tecmint.php in a current working directory.

# find . -type f -name tecmint.php

./tecmint.php

6. Find all PHP Files in Directory

Find all php files in a directory.

# find . -type f -name "*.php"

./tecmint.php
./login.php
./index.php

7. Find Files With 777 Permissions

Find all the files whose permissions are 777.

# find . -type f -perm 0777 -print

8. Find Files Without 777 Permissions

Find all the files without permission 777.

# find / -type f ! -perm 777

9. Find SGID Files with 644 Permissions

Find all the SGID bit files whose permissions set to 644.

# find / -perm 2644

10. Find Sticky Bit Files with 551 Permissions

Find all the Sticky Bit set files whose permission are 551.

# find / -perm 1551

11. Find SUID Files

Find all SUID set files.

# find / -perm /u=s

12. Find SGID Files

Find all SGID set files.

# find / -perm /g=s

13. Find Read Only Files

Find all Read Only files.

# find / -perm /u=r

14. Find Executable Files

Find all Executable files.

# find / -perm /a=x

15. Find Files with 777 Permissions and Chmod to 644

Find all 777 permission files and use chmod command to set permissions to 644.

# find / -type f -perm 0777 -print -exec chmod 644 {} \;

16. Find Directories with 777 Permissions and Chmod to 755

Find all 777 permission directories and use chmod command to set permissions to 755.

# find / -type d -perm 777 -print -exec chmod 755 {} \;

17. Find and remove single File

To find a single file called tecmint.txt and remove it.

# find . -type f -name "tecmint.txt" -exec rm -f {} \;

18. Find and remove Multiple File

To find and remove multiple files such as .mp3 or .txt, then use.

# find . -type f -name "*.txt" -exec rm -f {} \;

OR

# find . -type f -name "*.mp3" -exec rm -f {} \;

19. Find all Empty Files

To find all empty files under certain path.

# find /tmp -type f -empty

20. Find all Empty Directories

To file all empty directories under certain path.

# find /tmp -type d -empty

21. File all Hidden Files

To find all hidden files, use below command.

# find /tmp -type f -name ".*"

22. Find Single File Based on User

To find all or single file called tecmint.txt under / root directory of owner root.

# find / -user root -name tecmint.txt

23. Find all Files Based on User

To find all files that belongs to user Tecmint under /home directory.

# find /home -user tecmint

24. Find all Files Based on Group

To find all files that belongs to group Developer under /home directory.

# find /home -group developer

25. Find Particular Files of User

To find all .txt files of user Tecmint under /home directory.

# find /home -user tecmint -iname "*.txt"

26. Find Last 50 Days Modified Files

To find all the files which are modified 50 days back.

# find / -mtime 50

27. Find Last 50 Days Accessed Files

To find all the files which are accessed 50 days back.

# find / -atime 50

28. Find Last 50-100 Days Modified Files

To find all the files which are modified more than 50 days back and less than 100 days.

# find / -mtime +50 –mtime -100

29. Find Changed Files in Last 1 Hour

To find all the files which are changed in last 1 hour.

# find / -cmin -60

30. Find Modified Files in Last 1 Hour

To find all the files which are modified in last 1 hour.

# find / -mmin -60

31. Find Accessed Files in Last 1 Hour

To find all the files which are accessed in last 1 hour.

# find / -amin -60

32. Find 50MB Files

To find all 50MB files, use.

# find / -size 50M

33. Find Size between 50MB – 100MB

To find all the files which are greater than 50MB and less than 100MB.

# find / -size +50M -size -100M

34. Find and Delete 100MB Files

To find all 100MB files and delete them using one single command.

# find / -size +100M -exec rm -rf {} \;

35. Find Specific Files and Delete

Find all .mp3 files with more than 10MB and delete them using one single command.

# find / -type f -name *.mp3 -size +10M -exec rm {} \;

The /tmp directory contains mostly files that are required temporarily, it is used by different programs to create lock files and for temporary storage of data. Many of these files are important for currently running programs and deleting them may result in a system crash.

On all if not most Linux systems, the contents of the /tmp directory are deleted (cleared out) at boot time or at shutdown by the local system. This is a standard procedure for system administration, to reduce the amount of storage space used (typically, on a disk drive).

Important: Do not delete files from the /tmp directory unless you know exactly what you are doing! In multi-user systems, this can potentially remove active files, disrupting users activities (via programs they are using).

What if you accidentally delete the /tmp directory? In this article, we will show you how to restore (recreate) /tmp directory after deleting it.

Suggested Read: How to Recover Deleted Files in Linux

A few things to note before running the commands below.

• the /tmp must belong to the root user.
• set appropriate permissions that will allow all users to use this directory (make it public).

$ sudo mkdir /tmp 
$ sudo chmod 1777 /tmp

Alternatively, run this command.

$ sudo mkdir -m 1777 /tmp

Now run the command below to check the permissions of the directory.

$ ls -ld /tmp

The permission set here mean everybody (owner, group and others) can read, write and access files in the directory, and the t (sticky bit), implying files may only be deleted by their owner.

Note: Once you have restored the /tmp directory as shown above, it is recommended you reboot the system to ensure that all programs start operating normally.

That’s it! In this article, we showed how to restore (recreate) /tmp directory after deleting it accidentally in Linux. Drop your comments via the feedback form below.

Source

fping is a small command line tool to send ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo request to network hosts, similar to ping, but much higher performing when pinging multiple hosts. fping totally differs from ping in that you can define any number of hosts on the command line or specify a file with the list of IP addresses or hosts to ping.

Read Also: A Linux Sysadmin’s Guide to Network Management, Troubleshooting and Debugging

For example, using fping, we can specify the complete network range (192.168.0.1/24). It will send Fping request to host and move to another target host in a round-robin fashion. Unlike ping, Fping is meant for basically scripting.

How to Install Fping in Linux Systems

In most Linux distributions, the package fping is available to install from the default package repositories using package management tool as shown.

# sudo apt install fping  [On Debian/Ubuntu]
# sudo yum install fping  [On CentOS/RHEL]
# sudo dnf install fping  [On Fedora 22+]
# sudo pacman -S fping    [On Arch Linux]

Alternatively, you can install latest version of fping (4.0) from the source package using following commands.

$ wget https://fping.org/dist/fping-4.0.tar.gz
$ tar -xvf fping-4.0.tar.gz
$ cd fping-4.0/
$ ./configure
$ make && make install

Let’s see some Fping command with their examples.

1. Fping Multiple IP Address

The below command will fping multiple IP address at once and it will display status as alive or unreachable.

# fping 50.116.66.139 173.194.35.35 98.139.183.24

50.116.66.139 is alive
173.194.35.35 is unreachable
98.139.183.24 is unreachable

2. Fping Range of IP Address

The following command will fping a specified range of IP addressees. With below output we are sending echo request to range of IP address and getting reply as we wanted. Also cumulative result shown after exit.

# fping -s -g 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.9

192.168.0.1 is alive
192.168.0.2 is alive
ICMP Host Unreachable from 192.168.0.2 for ICMP Echo sent to 192.168.0.3
ICMP Host Unreachable from 192.168.0.2 for ICMP Echo sent to 192.168.0.3
ICMP Host Unreachable from 192.168.0.2 for ICMP Echo sent to 192.168.0.3
ICMP Host Unreachable from 192.168.0.2 for ICMP Echo sent to 192.168.0.4
192.168.0.3 is unreachable
192.168.0.4 is unreachable

8      9 targets
       2 alive
       2 unreachable
       0 unknown addresses

       4 timeouts (waiting for response)
       9 ICMP Echos sent
       2 ICMP Echo Replies received
      2 other ICMP received

 0.10 ms (min round trip time)
 0.21 ms (avg round trip time)
 0.32 ms (max round trip time)
        4.295 sec (elapsed real time)

3. Fping Complete Network with Different Options

With above command, it will ping complete network and repeat once (-r 1). Sorry, it’s not possible to show output of the command as it is scrolling up my screen with no time.

# fping -g -r 1 192.168.0.0/24

4. Reads the List of Targets From a File

We have create a file called fping.txt having IP address (173.194.35.35 and 98.139.183.24) to fping.

# fping < fping.txt

173.194.35.35 is alive
98.139.183.24 is alive

5. Show Version of Fping

Check the Fping version by executing the command.

# fping -v

fping: Version 4.0
fping: comments to david@schweikert.ch

Those who want to get more information with options about Fping command, please look into a man page. Also requested to try Fping command in your environment and share your experience with us through the comment box below.

Source

It has been a long known fact that there is a larger variety of software products for Windows and Macs compared to Linux. And even though Linux is continuously growing it is still hard to find some specific software. We know many of you like editing videos and that you often need to switch back to Windows in order to make some easy video editing tasks.

Don’t Miss: 15 Best Image Editors I Discovered for Linux

This is why we have gathered a list of the best Linux video editing software so you can easily manage your videos in Linux environment.

1. Open Shot

We start our list with OpenShot,is a feature rich, multiplatform video editor that can be used on Linux, Windows and Macs. OpenShot is written in Python and it supports many different audio and video formats and also includes drag-n-drop feature.

To get a better understanding of the features that OpenShot has, here is a more detailed list:

1. Supports large variety of video, audio and image formats based on ffmpeg.
2. Easy Gnome integration and support for drag and drop.
3. Video resizing, scaling, trimming and cutting.
4. Video transitions
5. Include watermarks
6. 3D animated titles
7. Digital zooming
8. Video effects
9. Speed changes

Installation of OpenShot

The installation of this video editor is performed via PPA and it’s only supports Ubuntu 14.04 and above. To complete the installation, you can run the following commands:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openshot.developers/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install openshot-qt

Once installed, OpenShort will be present in the applications menu.

2. Pitivi

Pitivi is another great free, open source video editing software. It uses Gstreamer framework for importing/exporting and rendering of media. Pitivi supports simple tasks such as:

1. Trimming
2. Cutting
3. Snapping
4. Splitting
5. Mixing

Audio and video clips can be linked together and managed as single clip. Another thing that I personally find useful is that Pitivi can be used in different languages and has a very extended documentation. Learning how to use this software is easy and doesn’t require much time. Once you get used to it, you will be able to edit video and audio files with high precision.

Installation of Pitivi

Pitivi is available for download via the Ubuntu software manager or via:

$ sudo apt-get install pitivi

To install on other Linux distributions, you need to compile it from source using distro-agnostic all-in-one binary bundle, the only requirement is glibc 2.13 or higher.

Just download the distro-agnostic bundle, extract the executable file, and double-click on it launch.

3. Avidemux

Avidemux is another free open source video editing software. It was originally designed mainly for cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. Avidemux is available on Linux, Windows and Mac. It is ideal for the afford mentioned tasks, but if you want to do something a bit more complex, you may want to check the rest of the editors in this list.

Installation of Avidemux

Avidemux is available for install from the Ubuntu software center and it can also be installed via:

$ sudo apt-get install avidemux

For other Linux distributions, you need to compile it from source using source binary packages available from Avidemux download page.

4. Blender

Blender is an advanced open source video editing software, that has many useful features, which is why it might be a preferred choice from people who are looking for a more professional video editing solution.

Here are some of the features in question:

1. 3D modeling
2. Grid and bridge fill
3. N-Gon support
4. Physically accurate shaders
5. Open Shading Language for developing custom shaders
6. Automatic skinning
7. Animation toolset
8. Sculpting
9. Fast UV Unwrapping

Installation of Blender

Blender is available for download via the Ubuntu software manager or installed via:

$ sudo apt-get install blender

Download source binary packages for other Linux distributions from Blender download page.

5. Cinelerra

Cinelerra is a video editor that was released in 2002 and has millions of downloads ever since. It’s designed to be used from both beginners and advanced users. According to developer’s page, CineLerra is designed from artists for artists.

Some of the main features of Cinelerra are:

1. UI designed for professionals
2. Build in frame-renderer
3. Dual-Link
4. Deck control
5. CMX compliant EDL functionality
6. Different effects
7. Audio editing with unlimited amount of layers
8. Render farm that renders and transcodes compressed and uncompressed frames

Installation of Cinelerra

For installation of Cinerella, use the instructions provided at official Cineralla installation instructions.

6. KDEnlive

Kdenlive is another open source video editing software. It relies on few other projects such as FFmpeg and MLT video framework. It is designed to cover basic needs to semi-professional tasks.

With Kdenlive you receive the following features:

1. Mix video, audio and image formats
2. Create custom profiles
3. Support for wide range of comcorders
4. Multitrack edition with a timeline
5. Tools to crop, edit, move and delete video clips
6. Configurable keyboard shortcuts
7. Different effects
8. Option to export to standard formats

Installation of Kdenlive

Kdenlive is available for download from the Ubuntu software center or alternately you can install by typing the following commands in a terminal:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sunab/kdenlive-release 
$ sudo apt-get update 
$ sudo apt-get install kdenlive

If you want to install it for Fedora/RHEL based operating systems, you can download the require page from Kdenlive download page.

7. Lightworks

Lightworks is a professional video editing tool designed for everyone. It has a free and paid version, both of which are quite feature rich. It’s multi-platform and can be used on Linux, Windows and Mac. It has plenty of features that you can use.

We will mention some of the highlights, but keep in mind that there are much more:

1. Vimeo export
2. Wide container support
3. Import and export functions (batches supported as well)
4. Transcode on import
5. Drag-n-drop replace editing
6. Replace, fit to fill
7. Advanced realtime multicam editing
8. Frame accurate capture tool
9. Trimming
10. Wide variety of effects

Installation of Lightworks

The installation of Lightworsks is completed via .deb or .rpm packages that can be downloaded from Lightworks for Linux page.

8. LiVES

LiVES is a video editing system designed to me powerful and yet simple for use. It can be used across multiple platforms and it is expendable via RFX plugins. You can even write your own plugins in Perl, C or C++ or python. Other languages are supported as well.

Here are some of the main features LiVES:

1. Loading and editing of almost every video format via mplayer
2. Smooth playback at variable rates
3. Frame accurate cutting
4. Saving and re-encoding of clips
5. Lossless backup and restore
6. Real time blending of clips
7. Supports fixed and variable frame rates
8. Multiple effects
9. Customizable effects and transitions
10. Dynamic loading of effects

Installation of LiVES

LiVES is available for download for different Linux operating systems. You can download the appropriate package from LiVES download page.

Conclusion

As you saw above, video editing in Linux is now a fact and even though not all Adobe products are supported in Linux, there are very good alternatives that are ready to provide same functionality.

If you have any questions or comments related to the video editing software described in this article, please do not hesitate to submit your opinion or comment in the comment section below.

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Are you looking to tweak or manage your disks partitions in Linux? In this article, we will review some of the best tools that help Linux users partition and manage their disks. We will see both command line utilities as well as GUI applications for managing disk partitions in Linux.

Read Also: 9 Tools to Monitor Linux Disk Partitions and Usage in Linux

I favor the command line over GUI (graphical user interface), I will start by describing the text based utilities and then GUI applications as follows.

1. Fdisk

fdisk is a powerful and popular command line tool used for creating and manipulating disk partition tables. It supports multiple partition tables formats, including MS-DOS and GPT. It provides a user-friendly, text based and menu driven interface to display, create, resize, delete, modify, copy and move partitions on disks.

2. GNU Parted

Parted is a popular command line tool for managing hard disk partitions. It supports multiple partition table formats, including MS-DOS, GPT, BSD and many more. With it, you can add, delete, shrink and extend disk partitions along with the file systems located on them.

It can help you create space for installing new operating systems, reorganizing disk usage, and move data to new hard disks.

3. Gparted

GParted is a free, cross platform and advanced graphical disk partition manager that works on Linux operating systems, Mac OS X and Windows.

It is used to resize, copy, move, label, check or delete partitions without data loss, enabling you to grow or shrink root partition, create space for new operating systems and attempt data rescue from lost partitions. It can be used to manipulate file systems including EXT2/3/4.

4. GNOME Disks a.k.a ( GNOME Disks Utility)

GNOME Disks is a core system utility used for disk partition management and S.M.A.R.T monitoring. It is used to format and create partition on drives, mount and unmount partitions. It ships in with the well known GNOME desktop environment.

Lately, it’s been gaining features for advanced usage. The latest version (at the time of this writing) has a new feature for adding, resizing partitions, checking filesystems for any damages and repairing them.

5. KDE Partition Manager

KDE partition manager is a useful graphical utility for managing disk devices, partitions and file systems on your computer. It comes with the KDE desktop environment.

Most of its underlying work is performed by programs. It can be used to easily create, copy, move, delete, resize without losing data, backup and restore partitions. It supports various including EXT2/3/4, BTRFS NTFS, FAT16/32, XFS, and more.

6. Qtparted

In addition, you can also use Qtparted, is a Partition Magic (proprietary software for Windows) clone and Qt front-end to GNU Parted. Note that it still in development and you may likely experience any kind of problem with latest release. In that case try to use the CVS version or a previous stable version.

It may not be one of the best options now but you can give it a try. More features are yet being added to it.

You might also like to read these following related articles.

1. 4 Tools to Manage EXT2, EXT3 and EXT4 Health in Linux
2. 3 Useful GUI and Terminal Based Linux Disk Scanning Tools
3. Recover Deleted or Lost Files in Linux

These are the best partition managers and editors available for Linux operating systems. Which tool do you use?

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Backup on personal computers or servers is always important to prevent permanent data loss. Therefore getting to know different backup tools is very important especially for System Administrators who work with large amounts of enterprise level data and even on personal computers.

It is always a good practice to keep on backing up data on our computers, this can either be done manually or configured to work automatically. Many backup tools have different features that allow users to configure the the type of backup, time of backup, what to backup, logging backup activities and many more

In this article, we shall take a look at 24 outstanding backup tools that you can use on Linux servers or systems.

Honorable Mention – CloudBerry Backup

CloudBerry Backup for Linux is a cross-platform cloud backup solution with advanced backup configuration settings and providing total security of data.

Pybackpack is an open source simple, powerful and user-friendly file backup utility was written for Gnomedesktop only and released under the GPL, but you can also use it for other desktops too. Like you do for other backup applications. The interface is pretty simple and provides a good design which makes the whole process user friendly and much easier.

The pybackpack tool uses back-end as rdiff-backup program for backups. The benefit of using rdiff-backup is, it do full backup at first time and later backups it takes only updated files. This is very crucial in terms of saving disk space and network bandwidth.

Installing Pybackpack Backup Manager

Open the terminal by hitting “Ctr + Alt + t” and run the following command to install Pybackpack backup manager tool under Ubuntu 12.10/12.04/11.10 and Linux Mint 14/13/12

$ sudo apt-get install pybackpack

Once you’ve installed it, launch it from the Desktop Dash or use the following command.

$ pybackpack

Backup /home directory to CD or DVD

Once you’ve start you will see Home tab with “Go” option, if you click on “Go” button, it will backup your entire /home directory including your personal settings, emails, documents and other important files and burn automatically them to a CD or DVD as a iso image file.

Backup /home directory on Local File System

Instead of taking full backup, you can customize your backup by choosing more advanced options by specifying what folders and files you want to include or exclude in your backup. To do this, click on “Backup” tab and then select “New Backup Set” from the drop-down list.

Click on “Edit” option. Now you will see a backup wizard that will guide you through the steps that required to create a set of files for backup, known as “backup set“.

Give name and description for the backup set and also select destination type as “Local File System” from the drop-down list. Enter the default destination directory where the actual backup will be stored. In my case it would be stored under /home/tecmint/Tecmint-Backup directory.

Now add the files and directories that needs to be included or excluded for the backup set. I have included the following files for backup. Nothing excluded, but you can exclude the files that you don’t want to backup.

1. /home/tecmint/Desktop
2. /home/tecmint/Documents
3. /home/tecmint/Downloads
4. /home/tecmint/Music
5. /home/tecmint/Pictures

This gives the full summary of backup for review, if you want to make changes you can click on “Back” button. To proceed with the selection and save the backup click on “Forward“.

Click on “Apply” to Finish the backup wizard.

Finally, click on “Backup” button to create the backup, based on the settings that we have given during the backup set.

Once backup process over, you will get message as “Backup complete“.

To verify, whether backup is successfully completed, go to the backup directory and do “ls -l“. You will see following folders.

Are you worrying why there is “rdiff-backup-data” folder, because pybackpack uses rdiff-backup utility to keep the track of incremental backups. So, next time you run the same backup set, it will only take backup of latest and changed files. It is very effective in terms of saving system disk space and bandwidth.

Backup /home directory to Remote System

Instead of taking backups on CD/DVD or Local system, you can also take backup and keep them on remote server directly. Again create a “New Backup Set” and add the username, hostname and location of backup directory of remote host.

Restore /home directory from Local System

Go to “Restore” tab and select the “Local” and enter your backup destination directory. The restore option automatically detect the name and description of the backup set.

Once I entered the location of backup (i.e. /home/tecmint/Tecmint-Backup), it immediately detect the name and description of the backup set as “Tecmint Home Backup“.

Don’t worry the restore will not overwrite the files and folders, it will create a new folder called “restored_files” under /home directory and restore all files under this directory. For example In my case it would be “/home/tecmint/restored_files/Tecmint Home Backup“.

Restore /home directory from Remote System

Go to “Restore” tab and select the “Remote (SSH)” and enter remote host details like username and hostname/ip address. Give the location of backup directory and click on “Restore” button.

Thats it! If you have any questions or queries do reply me using comment section.

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When it comes to backups, experience says it’s better to be safe than sorry. Better to have much than not enough – you get the point. In this article, we will present CloudBerry Backup for Linux, a cross-platform cloud backup and disaster recovery software.

As a leading solution in the industry, CloudBerry stands out for its flexibility, reliability, and its wide set of out-of-the-box features. You not only get to choose where to store your data (locally or using a cloud storage service), but also can encrypt it using AES-128 or AES-256.

With the recent release of version 2.5.1, which introduces support for block-level backups, this tool stands out among its crowd of competitors more than ever. This new feature is particularly important if you need to back up large files with relatively minor changes over time.

With both a GUI and a command-line interface, optional compression to save up on bandwidth and decrease storage costs, and no hidden fees for data restore, CloudBerry is hard to beat!

And this is just the top of the iceberg. Believe me – creating, managing, and restoring backups has never been easier, not even in the cloud computing era. Keep reading to find out more!

Installing CloudBerry Backup for Linux

Although CloudBerry is a commercial product, it provides a full-featured trial version that you can use to test-drive the solution. Additionally, a freeware version for personal use (which provides most of the functionality of the Pro edition, except for data encryption) is also available.

Regardless of the version, licenses are one-time off (pay once, get a perpetual license) with an optional yearly maintenance fee that includes support and free upgrades during that period of time.

First, go the download section of Linux cloud backup and click Download. In the next page, choose the link that corresponds to your distribution.

In this article, we will be installing the solution on a CentOS 7 machine. The installation on other distributions is almost identical, so you should not run into any issues if you stick to this tutorial.

To begin, let’s click on the link for CentOS 6/7 and wait for the download to complete:

Once done, follow these steps to proceed with the installation of CloudBerry Backup for Linux:

1. Browse to the folder where the binary file was downloaded and double click on it. The following window will pop up. Click Install to continue.

When the installation is complete, Install will change to Remove, as you can see in the below image:

2. Open a terminal and enter the following commands to request the trial version. Note the pair of single quotes surrounding CloudBerry Backup:

# cd /opt/local/'CloudBerry Backup'/bin

Next, do

./cbb activateLicense -e "YourEmailHere@YourDomain.com " -t "ultimate"

If the above command returns Success, the trial version is ready to use. To launch it, go to the Internet section in your Applications and click CloudBerry Backup. Next, click Continue Trial and Finish to proceed:

Create a Backup Plan and Choose a Storage Provider

Once we have installed the solution and activated the trial version, we will proceed to set up a backup plan.

3. Here you will be able to select where you will store your data. As you can see, CloudBerry is well integrated with all the major cloud storage service providers.

As a Bring-Your-Own-Storage (BYOS) solution, it allows you to leverage any existing cloud services you may already be using.

Regardless of the chosen backup plan, we are assuming that you have already setup the authentication mechanism. In our case we will go with Azure, and once we have entered a display name of our choosing, one of the access keys to our storage account, the account name, and specified a container name, let’s click OK and Continue:

Next, choose a name for the current backup plan:

Note that, by default, support for block-level backups are disabled. You can choose to enable this feature in this step by checking Use block level backup as you can see below:

When you click Continue, you will be asked to set up a periodic full backup so that the retention policy (more on this in a minute) can be applied on old versions as well.

Now choose the files and folders you want to backup:

You will then be prompted to indicate the kind of files that you want to include or exclude from your backup. You can also enable All files as well, choose whether to use compression, and the kind of encryption that you want to use:

4. Choose a Retention Policy and a backup schedule that suits your needs. This will tell CloudBerry when and how to delete old backup files. If in doubt, go with the defaults:

For the backup schedule, you can choose to run it manually, on a specific date and time, or recurrently on a given frequency. The image below shows a schedule backup that will take place every Friday at 1 pm:

If you wish, you can enable notifications at this point. Note that you can specify a list of recipients separated by semicolons, modify the subject line, and choose to be notified in all cases or only when a backup fails:

5. Run the plan now to check if it works as expected:

The backup plan will then be executed. Depending on the size of the chosen files and folders, it may take a few minutes (or more) to fully synchronize with the remote storage account.

And this is where the block level capability comes in handy: only the modified parts of your files will be uploaded during subsequent backups – allowing you to save up on bandwidth and time!

When the process is complete, a green checkmark will appear next to the backup plan in CloudBerry. Now let’s check our Azure container to ensure that our files are already there. And voilá! It’s not magic – it’s CloudBerry Backup for Linux:

Testing the CloudBerry Backup Restore Functionality

So far so good – on to testing we go!

6. Remove a file from the source (thinkcspy3_latest.zip). Click Restore in the CloudBerry Backup interface and choose the plan to restore from.

Since the steps to set up a restore plan are similar to setting up a backup plan, we will not go into detail – only summarize in the following image. Each step is self-explanatory. In #6, enter the password that you chose when you created the backup plan earlier:

After the restore plan is completed, you should see the file that you removed back in the source. Simple as that!

Summary

In this article, we have explained how to install CloudBerry Backup for Linux, and how to create a backup plan integrated with Microsoft Azure.

Additionally, we showed how easy it is to restore files from the remote storage account back to our machine. Additionally, if you prefer to use the command line to manage backup and restore plans, you can refer to the page of CloudBerry Backup command line interface for Linux.

Easy to install, and much easier to use – totally worth your time and a few bucks to buy a license, isn’t it?

As always, don’t hesitate to let us know if you have any questions or comments about this article. The feedback of our readers is always highly appreciated.

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