A powerful and cross-platform, yet commercial application for file and folder comparison and synchronization

Source

The Linux distribution Debian GNU/Linux [1] is made available as different CD/DVD ISO images. These images are prepared to fit to the needs of different interests and usage cases — desktop environment, server, or mobile devices. At present, the following image variants are offered from the website of the Debian project and the according mirror network:

• a full set of CD/DVD images that contains all the available packages[2]
• a single CD/DVD image with a selection of packages that are tailor-made for a specific desktop environment — GNOME [3], XFCE [4], and for the commandline, only.
• a smaller CD image for network-based installation [5]
• a tiny CD image for network-based installation [5]
• a live CD/DVD [6] in order to test Debian GNU/Linux before installing it
• a cloud image [7]

Downloading the right image file depends on your internet connection (bandwidth), which combination of packages fits your needs, and your level of experience in order to setup and maintain your installation. All the images are available from the mirror network behind the website of the Debian project [8].

What is Debian Netinstall?

As already briefly discussed above a Netinstall image is a smaller CD/DVD image with a size between 150Mb and 300Mb. The actual image size depends on the processor architecture used on your system. Solely, the image contains the setup routines (called Debian Installer) for both text-only and graphical installation as well as the software packages in order to setup a very basic but working Debian GNU/Linux installation. In contrast, the tiny image with a size of about 120Mb contains the Debian Installer, and the network configuration, only.

During the setup, the Debian Installer will ask you which Apt repository you would like to use. An Apt repository is a place that provides the Debian software packages. The tools for package management will retrieve the selected software packages from this location, and install them locally on your system. In this case as an Apt repository we do not use the CD/DVD but a so-called package mirror. This package mirror is a server that is connected to the internet, and that is why internet access is required during the setting up of your system. Furthermore, installing new software or updating existing software packages needs to meet the same technical requirements as above — the packages are retrieved from the same Apt repository too.

Choosing the desired package mirror in Debian GNU/Linux 9

Apt Repositories

The address of the chosen Apt repository is stored in the file /etc/apt/sources.list. In general, this is a text file and contains several entries. According to the previously chosen package mirror it looks as follows:

The first group of lines refers to regular software packages, the second group to the according security updates, and the third group to software updates for these packages. Each line refers to Debian packages (a line starting with deb), or Debian source packages (a line starting with deb-src). Source packages are of interest for you in case you would like to download the source code of the software you use.

The Debian GNU/Linux release is either specified by the alias name of the release — here it is Stretch from Toy Story [9] –, or its release state, for example stable, testing, or unstable. At the end of each line, main and contrib reflect the chosen package categories. The keyword main refers to free software, contrib refers to free software that depends on non-free software, and non-free indicates software packages that do not meet the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)[10].

Finding the right package mirror

Up until now our setup is based on static entries, only, that are not intended to change. This works well for computers that are kept mostly at the same place during their entire usage.

As of a Debian network installation, the right package mirror plays an important role. When choosing a package mirror take the following criteria into account:

• your network connection
• your geographic location
• the desired availability of the package mirror
• reliability

Experiences from managing Linux systems for the last decade show, that chosing a primary package mirror in the same country as the system works best. Such a package mirror should be network-wise nearby, and provide software packages for all the architectures we need. Reliability refers to the person, institute, or company that is responsible for the package mirror we retrieve software from.

A rather dynamic setup can be helpful for mobile devices such as laptops and notebooks. The two commands netselect [11] and netselect-apt [12] come into play. netselect simply expects a list of package mirrors, and validates them regarding availability, ping time as well as the packet loss between the package mirror and your system. The example below demonstrates this for five different mirrors. The last line of the output contains the result — the recommended package mirror is ftp.debian.org.

In contrast, netselect-apt uses netselect to find the best package mirror for your location. netselect-apt asks for the country (-c), the number of package mirrors (-t), the architecture (-a), and the release state (-n). The example below discovers the top-five package mirrors in France that offer stable packages for the amd64 architecture:

The output is a file called sources.list that is stored in the directory you run the command from. Using the additional option “-o filename” you specify an output file with a name and path of your choice. Nevertheless, you can directly use the new file as a replacement for your original file /etc/apt/sources.list.

Software Strategy

Doing a setup from a smaller installation image gives you the opportunity to make decisions which software to use. We recommend to install what you need on your system, only. The less software packages are installed, the less updates have to be done. So far, this strategy works well for server, desktop systems, routers (specialized devices), and mobile devices.

Keeping your system up-to-date

Maintaining a system means taking care of your setup, and keeping it up-to-date. Install security patches and do software updates regularly, with the help of the package manager like apt.

Often the next step is forgotten — tidying up your system. This includes removing unused software packages, and cleaning the package cache that is located in /var/cache/apt/archives. In the first case the commands “apt autoremove”, “deborphan” [13] and “debfoster” [14] help — they detect unused packages, and let you specify which software shall be kept. Mostly, the removed packages belong to the categories library (lib and oldlib), or development (libdevel). The following example demonstrates this for the tool deborphan. The output columns represent the package size, the package category, the package name, and the package priority.

In order to remove the orphaned packages you can use the following command:

Still, it will ask you to confirm before removal of the software packages. Next, cleaning the package cache needs to be done. You may either remove the files by “rm /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb”), or use apt or apt-get as follows:

Dealing with Release Changes

In contrast to other Linux distributions, Debian GNU/Linux does not have a fixed release cycle. A new release is available about every two years. Version 10 is expected to be published in mid-2019.

Updating your existing setup is comparable easy. Take the following thoughts into account and follow these steps:

1. Read the documentation for the release change, the so-called Release Notes. They are available from the website of the Debian project, and also part of the image you have chosen before.
2. Have your credentials for administrative actions at hand.
3. Open a terminal, and run the next steps in a terminal multiplexer like screen [15] or tmux [16].
4. Backup the most important data of your system, and validate the backup for being complete.
5. Update your current package list using “apt-get update” or “apt update”.
6. Check your system for orphans and unused software packages using deborphan, or “apt-get autoremove”. Unused packages do not need to be updated.
7. Run the command “apt-get upgrade” to install the latest software updates.
8. Edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list, and set the new distribution name, for example from Stretch to Buster.
9. Update the package list using “apt update” or “apt-get update”.
10. Start the release change by running “apt-get dist-upgrade”. All existing packages are updated.

The last step may take a while, but leads to a new Debian GNU/Linux system. It might be helpful to reboot the system once in order to start with a new Linux kernel.

Conclusion

Setting up a network-based installation, and keeping it alive is simple. Follow the recommendations we gave you in this article, and using your Linux system will be fun.

Links and References

* [1] Debian GNU/Linux, http://debian.org/
* [2] Debian on CDs/DVDs, https://www.debian.org/CD/index.en.html
* [3] GNOME, https://www.gnome.org/
* [4] XFCE, https://xfce.org/
* [5] Installing Debian via the Internet, https://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst.en.html
* [6] Debian Live install images, https://www.debian.org/CD/live/index.en.html
* [7] Debian Official Cloud Images, https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/
* [8] Debian mirror network, https://cdimage.debian.org/
* [9] Stretch at the Pixar Wiki, http://pixar.wikia.com/wiki/Stretch
* [10] Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG), https://wiki.debian.org/DFSGLicenses
* [11] netselect Debian package, https://packages.debian.org/stretch/netselect
* [12] netselect-apt Debian package, https://packages.debian.org/stretch/netselect-apt
* [13] deborphan Debian package, https://packages.debian.org/stretch/deborphan
* [14] debfoster Debian package, https://packages.debian.org/stretch/debfoster
* [15] screen, https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
* [16] tmux, https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki

Source

An easy-to-use and cross-platform Mercurial, Subversion and Git client software!

Source

I know most of the people reading this article are developers on Linux or Linux enthusiasts and don’t need any introduction to the Git. But for the noobs out there, Git is one of the most popular and most widely used version control systems available for software development and other similar kind of work. Basically Git is tool which can be managed and used through command line and it is one of the most easy to use command line version control tools available for Linux developers and users.With most of the developers nowadays using graphical tools for programming and development, there is no surprise they are also seeking for GUI tools which could prove to be efficient alternatives to Git command line tool. There are many Git GUI clients available for Linux and its distros like Ubuntu which offer most of the features of Git command line tool with more efficiency and reliability.

So today we’re going to have a look at best 10 Git GUI clients which you can install on Ubuntu and use them as version control tool for software development.

1. SmartGit

SmartGit is a cross-platform graphical Git client with seamless support for SVN, GitHub and Bitbucket. Apart from Windows and macOS, SmartGit can easily be used on Linux and its distros like Ubuntu. Good thing about SmartGit is it includes everything you need in one single package which includes graphical merge, commit history, Git-Flow, SSH-Client, file compare and file merge.

During the testing I have tried it for the first time and I have to admit that it doesn’t take me long to get used to it thanks to its simple and easy to use user interface.

SmartGit is a highly customizable graphical Git client with options at your hand such as set preferences for merging and rebasing, layout control, built-in Conflict Solver tool, keyboard shortcuts, toolbars, syntax coloring and you can choose between pair of light and dark themes.

Software developers will find this Git client very useful because it focuses on the difficulties faced by developers and tries to make workflow as simple as possible for developers.

SmartGit

2. Git Cola

Written in Python, Git Cola is completely free but very powerful graphical Git client for Ubuntu and other Linux distros. It is the one of the best and fast version control tools available out there for software developers. It is simple but powerful client with features like clone, merge, push, pull and many other useful features.

Git Cola is also a cross-platform graphical client for Git which supports Windows, macOS, Linux and its popular distros such as Ubuntu and LinuxMint. It is an open-source GUI client for Git and it is highly customizable Git client out there. I have tried few tweaks during testing and it has responded as expected.

You can customize its window settings, language settings and many other features to enhance the work experience and make it hassle free.

$ sudo apt-get install git-cola

3. GitEye

GitEye from CollabNet is an easy-to-use Git GUI client which comes bundled with some useful tools which helps you improve development productivity. It offers push-button cloning for repositories of GitHub, CloudForge and TeamForge.

GitEye offers seamless integration with other popular tools such as Bugzilla, Jira, Hudson, Jenkins and many others. GitEye has clean and very powerful graphical user interface which is very easy-to-use with everything placed perfectly so that user finds whatever he needs easily.

It comes bundled with integrated issue tracker client that works both in online and offline mode, also it is equipped with Gerrit Code Review that provides notifications if there is any change or update in code. Overall it is any all-rounder package and many developers find this Git client very useful.

GitEye

4. GitKraken

GitKraken is another graphical Git client which is powerful and reliable, which supports both Git and GitHub to work with. GitKraken ships-in with very modern looking user interface which is eye-catching and easy to navigate. I’ll recommend GitKraken to the developers who daily engage in tedious development workflow because it offers some really useful features that make this task quite easier and hassle free.

Some of the notable features in GitKraken are built-in code editor, split view, syntax highlighting and file minimap. It also offers seamless integration with popular Git hosting services such as GitHub, GitLab and BitBucket. If you opt for GitKraken Pro then you can connect GitHub Enterprise, GitLab Self-Hosted, BitBucket Server and Azure DevOps.

As compared to other Git clients, GitKraken has really fast and reliable workflow. Well that is what I have noticed during all the Git clients listed here in this article.

GitKraken

5. GitForce

GitForce is another cross-platform visual front-end to Git command line tool and it works on Windows and Linux and its distros like Ubuntu. It is very simple and easy to use but very powerful and reliable version control tool available for Ubuntu.

Written in C# and .NET 3.5 framework, the main objective of GitForce is to provide simple and easy-to-use graphical front-end to perform most common operations and software development tasks. Despite limited features, you can still rely on GitForce to perform task than getting engaged in Git command line tool.

Some of the features its offers are such as drag and drop, support for multiple repositories, scans local repositories easily and many basic features.

GitForce

6. Gitg

Gitg is a GNOME front-end for Git command line and it is a default graphical Git client on GNOME desktop environment. It offers many features such as staging, commit, open repository, clone repository and many more. It also enables GNOME shell integration which opens the way for various in app integrations and features for GNOME desktop users.

GNOMEs simple design doesn’t restrict Gitg from offering full-fledged features as it is one for the best Git GUI clients listed here. At first I have found its user interface quite confusing but once I got used to it, it was very satisfying experience.

Gitg

7. Giggle

Developed in 2007 as a part of hackathon, Giggle is free and easy to use Git GUI client which works exclusively on Linux and its various popular distributions. It is simple front-end tool which allows developers to browse and view there repositories in graphical interface.

It offers all the basic features you can expect in Git clients such as stag, commit, browse and many more. User interface is simple and you will get used to it in a fly.

$ sudo apt-get install giggle

8. UnGit

UnGit is not an application or client but it runs as a website in any web browser installed on your computer. It offers simple but very useful graphical user interface to replace Git command line tool. It comes with integration support for various plugins which enhance its workflow and performance.

UnGit can also be installed as a plugin in popular text editors such as Atom and Sublime Text.

$ sudo npm install –g ungit

9. Magit

Magit is a graphical interface for version control tool Git command line. It doesn’t offer separate interface but it is implemented as GNU Emacs package instead. It is not up to the ranks of various graphical Git clients listed here but it allows software developers to perform almost all the version control tasks within Emacs window.

Despite being a plugin it offers features you can expect in a separate application such as visualization, smooth workflow, rebasing and many more. It is a platform independent plugin and can be integrated with Emacs installed on Windows, macOS and Linux.

Magit

10. Egit

Just like Magit, Egit is a graphical Git version control plugin for Eclipse. It is implemented on the top JGit Java Implementation of Git. It is simple but very useful and reliable Git tool which offers all the basic features to accomplish almost all software development version control tasks.

Egit

So these are the best 10 Git GUI clients which are tested on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and should work well on previous Ubuntu released too.

Source

ffsend is a command line Firefox Send client that’s currently in alpha, available for Linux, macOS and Windows (with only macOS and Linux binaries being available right now).

With ffsend you can easily and securely share files from the command line, by making use of a Send, a Firefox test pilot project.

Firefox Send is a file sharing experiment by Mozilla, which allows sending encrypted files to other users. ‘Send’ can be installed on your own server, or you can use the Mozilla-hosted send.firefox.com. The latter officially supports files up to 1 GB (but I could upload a 2GB file, as mentioned by the ffsend description), with each link expiring after a configurable download count (defaulting to 1 download) or 24 hours, while also deleting all the files from the Send server. Read more about the Send Firefox Test Pilot.

ffsend can both upload and download files, while the remote host can use either ffsend or a simple web browser (that doesn’t have to be Firefox) to download the file.

One could always use the send.firefox.com web interface to upload and download files, but ffsend is intended for usage in scripts, without interaction. You can also use it for a quick file upload or download that doesn’t require opening a web browser.

While ffsend uses client-side encryption, ensuring that all files are encrypted before they are uploaded to the remote host, anyone with the link can download the file, so make sure you don’t share it with unauthorized people. That’s because the encryption secret, which is used to decrypt the file when downloading it, is included in the share URL.

An extra level of protection is available – you can password protect the file by appending --password when uploading a file using ffsend, or by setting the password after a file was uploaded, by using ffsend password URL -p YOUR-PASSWORD.

ffsend features:

• Upload and download files and directories. For directories, ffsend will offer to archive the contents before uploading it.
• Can be used with send.firefox.com (this is the default) or with your own Send host
• Client side encryption
• Configurable download limits (allows the file to be downloaded between 1 and 20 times)
• Password protection
• Built-in archiving and extracting
• History tracking of files for easy management
• Inspect or delete shared files

Downloading and using ffsend

While ffsend supports Linux, macOS and Windows, there are only macOS and Linux binaries for download right now. For Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other DEB-based Linux distributions, all you have to do is download and install the ffsend DEB package.

On other Linux distributions, like Fedora, etc., you can download the generic binary. For 64bit (most users), download the ffsend binary ending in -linux-x64.tar.gz, extract it and install it somewhere in your $PATH, like /usr/local/bin. Let’s say you’ve extracted the .tar.gz in the current folder – in this case you can install the ffsend binary in /usr/local/bin using this command:

sudo install ffsend /usr/local/bin/

Now you can upload a file like this:

ffsend upload <file.ext>

Replace file.ext with the file you want to upload.

Want to download a file using ffsend? It’s just as easy:

ffsend download <URL>

ffsend defaults to allowing 1 download per shared file, after which the file is deleted from the servers. To change this, use --downloads NN (where NN is a number from 1 to 20) when uploading a file:

ffsend upload --downloads <NN> <file.ext>

You can also change the number of allowed downloads for already uploaded files. To be able to do this, you must know the URL of the file you want to modify. You can see all shared URLs using:

ffsend history

Here’s how the output looks like:

$ ffsend history
#  LINK                                                                  EXPIRY  
1  https://send.firefox.com/download/e84e67e23c/#DYyvhlM9h1x1TAC9lJNUbw  23h59m  
2  https://send.firefox.com/download/c7fa183352/#j90VHhSrcpx_2Xlb-LGeXg  5h20m  
3  https://send.firefox.com/download/65716755f4/#wQaXbCgC2HOXvLrJVFc-Lw  4h58m  
4  https://send.firefox.com/download/4fbd102676/#LocbOt6LEs-sQFG6CKPeLw  4h54m  
5  https://send.firefox.com/download/fbe2a90d5b/#fJJ8NKsoJq0RRTRMSD3cVQ  3h6m

As you can see, command only lists the URLs and their expiry times, but not the file names. You can use the info command for more detailed information on an URL, like this:

ffsend info <URL>

Here’s with output:

$ ffsend info https://send.firefox.com/download/4fbd102676/#LocbOt6LEs-sQFG6CKPeLw
ID:         4fbd102676  
Name:       Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-29-1.2.iso  
Size:       1.80 GiB (1931477008 B)  
MIME:       application/octet-stream  
Downloads:  0 of 1  
Expiry:     4h53m (17613s)

Once you know the URL, you can change the allowed number of downloads until the link expires, by using this command:

ffsend parameters --download-limit <NN> <URL>

NN being the number of allowed downloads before the link expires (between 1 and 20), and URL the Send URL.

Fore more on ffsend, see its README and check out ffsend --help.

Source

The Web browser of choice when you are using text mode console or the Linux Terminal

Source

I’m 24 hours into the elementary OS Challenge, and I already have heaps of notes containing questions, pleasant surprises, discoveries and a couple bugs. For today’s content though, I wanted to focus on a few app recommendations to help new users flesh our their software library.

One of the unique things about elementary OS is the AppCenter. Not only is it a “pay what you want” model, but hundreds of the apps within are curated, developed specifically for the Pantheon desktop and this Linux distribution. Since I’m someone obsessed with music and podcasting, that’s where I wanted to start.

THE ELEMENTARY OS CONTENT HUB

• Introducing The elementary OS Linux Community Challenge
• Filling In The Audio App Gap
• We Need To Talk About Minimizing Windows
• Rejecting The Dark Side
• How I Learned To Stop Tweaking And Love The Workflow

Melody music software, available in elementary OS AppCenterJASON EVANGELHO

Melody

So, elementary OS 5 ships with a perfectly serviceable Music app visually reminiscent of a stripped-down iTunes, but there are better alternatives inside the AppCenter.

Melody by Artem Anufrij ($3 or pay what you want) doesn’t do everything under the sun, but what it does do works fast and works well.

Melody feels modern without feeling bloated, and also offers a sorting option that I appreciate: the ability to view your music library by artist, and then chronologically by album. It also remembers the position of your currently playing track if you close and reopen the software.

Something I need to point out about Music, and hopefully your experience is better: it has a tendency to be rather buggy, locking up on me several times in just a few hours. Perhaps it’s due to the size of my music library? Playback can be controlled from the speaker icon on the top panel, but the playback status will sometimes stay locked on “play” or “pause” regardless of a song’s status. Other times I couldn’t get the app to launch for reasons I’m uncertain of.

But one of the main reasons I gravitated toward Melody is that it tends to display album art way more frequently than elementary’s own Music app (see example image below). It also boasts a Dark Mode which is a borderline requirement for me these days. It scanned my fairly large (65GB) music library in just a few minutes, while another available AppCenter app, MuseIC, crashed when trying to import that same library.

Melody vs MusicJASON EVANGELHO

It’s not the best music app I’ve ever used. That honor belongs to, believe it or not, Microsoft‘s discontinued Zune Software. Another option for Linux distros is Amarok, but part of my personalelementary OS Challenge is exploring the software ecosystem that’s been created specifically for this OS. And Melody gets the job done elegantly.

Vocal: A Fantastic Podcast Client

Vocal gives you a ton of options for managing and enjoying your podcast library, and it’s presented cleanlyJASON EVANGELHO

Gnome has Podcasts, but elementary OS has one of the most robust and visually pleasing podcast clients out there. Vocal, developed by Needle & Thread, does everything I want it to do. It allowed me to import my podcast subscriptions from an OPML file generated by PocketCasts, supports both streaming and downloading of video and audio podcasts, allows you to set custom intervals for skipping forward or backward, can be set to delete played content and even has a searchable iTunes podcast store built in.

Heck, you can even change a podcast’s album artwork if your heart so desires. Beyond that, it remembers the playback position of each episode, and has full system integration, from media keys to native notifications.

Vocal simply looks greatJASON EVANGELHO

Vocal is, in a word, awesome. Another word is robust. I find myself wishing this was available on Android so that I could seamlessly listen to my podcast subscriptions everywhere.

While it’s not available for smartphones, it is available as a Flatpak for all Linux distributions. Go get it!

Give Me Lyrics!

Give Me Lyrics alongside elementary’s Music app.JASON EVANGELHO

Give Me Lyrics, developed by Murilo Venturoso, does exactly what its name implies and nothing more. It pulls from databases like Lyrics Wikia and API Seeds to instantly display lyrics for the song you’re currently listening to on your elementary OS machine, along with an album art thumbnail.

I tried it with a variety of songs played from both Music and Melody, and it just works (unless you’re listening to something decidedly obscure). It would be cool if you could dock it to your music app of choice, but that’s just me being picky.

That’s it for today! I encourage everyone to really dig into the AppCenter and share the gems you find. I’ll be back tomorrow with more observations and analysis from my own elementary OS Challenge, including some of the “little things” I’ve noticed that I appreciate about the OS. How’s your challenge going? Reach out to me on Twitter and let me know!

THE ELEMENTARY OS CONTENT HUB

• Introducing The elementary OS Linux Community Challenge
• Day 1: Filling In The Audio App Gap
• Day 2: We Need To Talk About Minimizing Windows
• Day 3: Rejecting The Dark Side

MORE OF MY LINUX CONTENT AT FORBES:

Opinion

• Ditching Windows: 2 Weeks With Ubuntu On The Dell XPS 13
• Ditching Windows: Here’s How Ubuntu Updates Your PC And Why It’s Better
• 5 Reasons To Switch From Windows To Linux Right Now
• Linux Distro Spotlight: What I Love About Ubuntu Budgie

Guides

• Linux For Beginners: What’s A Desktop Environment?
• Linux For Beginners: Understanding The Many Versions Of Ubuntu
• Ubuntu Guide: How To Install Ubuntu 18.10
• Ubuntu Guide: Install Drivers And Play Windows Games On Linux
• How To Try Linux Without Making Any Changes To Your PC
• Choosing Linux: 2 Awesome Tools To Find Your Perfect Linux OS

Reviews

• A Linux Noob Reviews: The Pop!_OS Installer From System76
• A Linux Noob Reviews: The Deepin 15.8 Installer
• elementary OS First Impressions: A Simple, Beautiful Doorway To Linux
• The Best Linux Distribution For Your Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Extreme
• Linux Gaming Benchmarks: Ubuntu 18.10 And Intel Hades Canyon

Features

• Dell Gets Honest About Its Linux Efforts And Project Sputnik
• Valve Changes Everything: Windows-Exclusive Games Now Run On Steam For Linux
• Steam For Linux Adds 1000 Perfectly Playable Games In Under A Week
• Open Source Challenge: Why One Band Chose Linux To Record Their New Album
• The Elementary OS Linux Community Challenge

Jason Evangelho

Contributor

Since joining Forbes in 2012, I’ve also contributed to gaming and technology features on PCWorld and Computer Shopper.

Source

sudo apt install zfsutils-linux lxd

sudo lxd init

lxc image list ubuntu: arch=amd64

lxc launch ubuntu:84a71299044b

exec su - user

lxc image list images: arch=amd64

lxc launch images:debian/9

lxc launch images:debian/9 wordpress-site

lxc list

lxc stop name_of_container

lxc stop name_of_container --force

lxc start name_of_container

lxc shell name_of_container

exit

lxc file push /path/to/local/file name_of_container/path/to/uploaded/file

lxc file push lxd-apt-install.png accurate-colt/var/www/website/upload.png

lxc file push /path/to/local/directory name_of_container/path/to/remote/directory --recursive --verbose

lxc file push /bin accurate-colt/tmp --recursive --verbose

To download a directory from your container to your main operating system:

lxc file pull name_of_container/path/to/remote/directory /path/to/local/directory --recursive --verbose

Example:

lxc file pull accurate-colt/tmp /tmp --recursive --verbose

Conclusion

This covers the basic usage of LXD containers. There are more advanced features such as snapshots and rollbacks, imposing limits on resources such as CPU and RAM, cloning containers, and so on.

Source

GameHub is an unified gaming library that allows you to view, install, run and remove games on GNU/Linux operating system. It supports both native and non-native games from various sources including Steam, GOG, Humble Bundle, and Humble Trove etc. The non-native games are supported by Wine, Proton, DOSBox, ScummVM and RetroArch. It also allows you to add custom emulators and download bonus content and DLCs for GOG games. Simply put, Gamehub is a frontend for Steam/GoG/Humblebundle/Retroarch. It can use steam technologies like Proton to run windows gog games. GameHub is free, open source gaming platform written in Vala using GTK+3.  If you’re looking for a way to manage all games under one roof, GameHub might be a good choice.

Installing GameHub

The author of GameHub has designed it specifically for elementary OS. So, you can install it on Debian, Ubuntu, elementary OS and other Ubuntu-derivatives using GameHub PPA.

$ sudo apt install --no-install-recommends software-properties-common
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tkashkin/gamehub
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install com.github.tkashkin.gamehub

GameHub is available in AUR, so just install it on Arch Linux and its variants using any AUR helpers, for example YaY.

$ yay -S gamehub-git

It is also available as AppImage and Flatpak packages in releases page.

If you prefer AppImage package, do the following:

$ wget https://github.com/tkashkin/GameHub/releases/download/0.12.1-91-dev/GameHub-bionic-0.12.1-91-dev-cd55bb5-x86_64.AppImage -O gamehub

Make it executable:

$ chmod +x gamehub

And, run GameHub using command:

$ ./gamehub

If you want to use Flatpak installer, run the following commands one by one.

$ git clone https://github.com/tkashkin/GameHub.git
$ cd GameHub
$ scripts/build.sh build_flatpak

Put All Games Under One Roof

Launch GameHub from menu or application launcher. At first launch, you will see the following welcome screen.

GameHub welcome screen

As you can see in the above screenshot, you need to login to the given sources namely Steam, GoG or Humble Bundle. If you don’t have Steam client on your Linux system, you need to install it first to access your steam account. For GoG and Humble bundle sources, click on the icon to log in to the respective source.

Once you logged in to your account(s), all games from the all sources can be visible on GameHub dashboard.

GameHub Dashboard

You will see list of logged-in sources on the top left corner. To view the games from each source, just click on the respective icon.

You can also switch between list view or grid view, sort the games by applying the filters and search games from the list in GameHub dashboard.

Installing a game

Click on the game of your choice from the list and click Install button. If the game is non-native, GameHub will automatically choose the compatibility layer (E.g Wine) that suits to run the game and install the selected game. As you see in the below screenshot, Indiana Jones game is not available for Linux platform.

Install a game

If it is a native game (i.e supports Linux), simply press the Install button.

If you don’t want to install the game, just hit the Download button to save it in your games directory. It is also possible to add locally installed games to GameHub using the Import option.

GameHub Settings

GameHub Settings window

GameHub Settings window can be launched by clicking on the four straight lines on top right corner.

From Settings section, we can enable, disable and set various settings such as,

• Switch between light/dark themes.
• Use Symbolic icons instead of colored icons for games.
• Switch to compact list.
• Enable/disable merging games from different sources.
• Enable/disable compatibility layers.
• Set games collection directory. The default directory for storing the collection is $HOME/Games/_Collection.
• Set games directories for each source.
• Add/remove emulators,
• And many.

For more details, refer the project links given at the end of this guide.

Cheers!

Resources:

• GameHub website
• GameHub GitHub Repository

Source

Android-x86 is a port of the Android open source mobile operating system to the x86 (32-bit) architecture, allowing users to run Android applications and replace their existing operating system with the Android OS.

Features at a glance

Key features include a KMS (Kernel Mode Setting) enabled Linux kernel 3.10.x LTS, Wi-Fi support, battery status, V4l2 camera support, G-sensor, bluetooth, suspend, resume, audio though ALSA, and mouse wheel support.

In addition, it supports software mouse cursor, external monitors, debug mode through Busybox, external keyboards, netbook native resolution, better disk installer, as well as external storage automatic mount.

Distributed as a 32-bit Live CD

It is distributed as a single Live CD ISO image that supports only the 32-bit hardware platform. From the boot prompt you can start the live environment with default settings, with the VESA framebuffer, or using the debug mode. It is also possible to install the OS to a local disk drive.

Originally designed as a collection of patches for Android x86 support, the project matured enough in the last years to finally be seriously considered as a good alternative operating system for personal computers.

Supported computers

At the moment, Android-x86 was tested only with the ASUS Eee PC platforms, Viewsonic Viewpad 10 tablet, Dell Inspiron Mini Duo hybrid laptop, Samsung Q1U UMPC device, Viliv S5 handheld PC, as well as with the Lenovo ThinkPad x61 tablet.

At the moment, the project is in active development state. The final release of the project will integrate support for multiple targets, multi-touch touchpad, better power management and multimedia support, OpenGL ES hardware acceleration for Intel and ATI Radeon graphics cards, and OpenGL emulation layer.

Conclusions

In conclusion, if you ever wanted to run Android on a desktop computer or laptop, the Android-x86 does just that. It allows users to install the Android OS or just use it directly from a USB flash drive or optical media on their personal computers.

DOWNLOAD Android-x86 8.1-r1

Source